血液与血液模拟液在固体表面的液滴撞击：红细胞变形能力与血浆弹性的影响
Droplet impact of blood and blood simulants on a solid surface: Effect of the deformability of red blood cells and the elasticity of plasma
AI总结：
本研究通过全血与多种同黏度模拟液的液滴撞击对比实验，证明红细胞的高变形能力是血液呈类牛顿撞击行为的关键，血液模拟液应采用可变形颗粒。
摘要：
以往研究表明，撞击中的血液行为与牛顿流体相似，该牛顿流体的剪切黏度相当于血液在高剪切速率下的剪切黏度。为理解这一重要事实，我们使用全血以及三种剪切黏度与血液相近的溶液，开展了液滴撞击玻璃表面的对比实验。具体而言，我们使用了犬全血（可变形红细胞分散在血浆中，WB）、含有不可变形树脂颗粒的血浆（PwP）、含有树脂颗粒的甘油与水混合液（GWwP），以及一种商用血液模拟液（硬颗粒分散在水基牛顿溶液中，BS）。实验中雷诺数和韦伯数的范围分别为550 < Re < 1700和120 < We < 860。两台高速相机同时记录液滴撞击的侧视图和底视图。实验中，撞击的WB液滴的铺展半径与在高剪切速率下黏度和WB相近的牛顿流体吻合良好。WB和牛顿流体的飞溅液滴会形成指状结构（指状飞溅）。尽管PwP在高剪切速率下具有与WB相近的黏度，但撞击的PwP液滴表现出悬浮液滴撞击的典型特征，即铺展半径减小，并伴随颗粒喷出的飞溅。PwP与WB撞击液滴之间如此显著的差异表明，WB中红细胞的高变形能力在血液液滴撞击时表现出的类牛顿流体行为中起着关键作用。重要的是，撞击的BS液滴在铺展和飞溅两方面都与WB表现得非常不同。我们的结果意味着，在BS中使用可变形颗粒而非硬颗粒，对于模拟血液液滴撞击至关重要。
英文摘要：
Previous studies suggest that the behaviour of impacting blood is similar to that of a Newtonian fluid, which has a shear viscosity equivalent to that of blood at high shear rates. To understand this important fact, we conducted comparative experiments of droplet impact on a glass surface using whole blood and three solutions with a shear viscosity similar to that of blood. Specifically, we used dog's whole blood (deformable red blood cells dispersed in plasma, WB), plasma with non-deformable resin particles (PwP), glycerol and water with resin particles (GWwP), and a commercial blood simulant (hard particles dispersed in a water-based Newtonian solution, BS). The ranges of Reynolds and Weber numbers in our experiments were 550 $<Re<$ 1700 and 120 $<We<$ 860, respectively. Side and bottom views of droplet impact were simultaneously recorded by two high-speed cameras. The spreading radius of the impacting WB droplet in our experiments agreed well with that of Newtonian fluids with viscosity similar to that of WB at high shear rates. Splashing droplets of WB and Newtonian fluids form finger structures (finger-splashing). Although PwP has a viscosity similar to that of WB at high shear rates, an impacting PwP droplet exhibited typical characteristics of impacting suspension droplets, that is, a reduced spreading radius and splashing with ejection of particles. Such significant differences between impacting droplets of PwP and WB indicates that the high deformability of red blood cells in WB plays a crucial role in the Newtonian-like behaviour of blood droplets on impact. Importantly, the impacting BS droplet behaved quite differently from WB in both spreading and splashing. Our results imply that the use of deformable particles rather than hard particles in a BS is essential for mimicking blood droplet impact.
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