虚拟惯量仿真中储能系统的选型
Sizing of Energy Storage System for Virtual Inertia Emulation
摘要：
将可再生能源注入到传统的同步发电系统中会降低整个系统的惯性，并对其主频率响应的稳定性产生负面影响。降低的惯性是由于在一些基于可再生能源的系统中缺乏惯性。为了保持系统的稳定性，我们需要将频率保持在允许的范围内，并保持较低的转动惯量。一些作者在文献中使用虚拟同步发电机（VSG）作为解决这个问题的方法。虽然基于VSG的分布式资源（DER）具有同步发电机（SG）的特性和行为，如惯性、频率下垂函数和阻尼，但它并没有最优地解决频率稳定性问题。本文提出了一种解决这些问题的方法，通过一个经验模型，大小的电池储能系统（BESS）所需的惯性仿真和阻尼控制。测试系统由一个光伏（PV）为基础的VSG，连接到一个9总线电网和仿真实验进行了使用EMTP软件。VSG瞬态响应由电网侧的对称故障启动。我们的模拟显示了模拟对应于几个设计参数的虚拟惯性所需的电池能量大小，即，下降增益Kω、下降系数Kd和VSG时间常数Ta。
英文摘要：
The infusion of renewable energy sources into the conventional synchronous generation system decreases the overall system inertia and negatively impacts the stability of its primary frequency response. The lowered inertia is due to the absence of inertia in some of the renewable energy-based systems. To maintain the stability of the system, we need to keep the frequency in the permissible limits and maintain low rotational inertia. Some authors in the literature have used the virtual synchronous generators (VSG) as a solution to this problem. Although the VSG based distributed recourses (DER) exhibits the characteristics and behavior of synchronous generators (SG) such as inertia, frequency droop functions and damping but it does not optimally solve the question of frequency stability. This paper presents a solution for these problems via an empirical model that sizes the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) required for the inertia emulation and damping control. The tested system consists of a Photovoltaic (PV) based VSG that is connected to a 9-Bus grid and the simulation experiments are carried out using EMTP software. The VSG transient response is initiated by a symmetric fault on the grid side. Our simulations show the battery energy sizing required to emulate the virtual inertia corresponding to several design parameters, i.e., the droop gain, Kω, the droop coefficient, Kd, and the VSG time constant Ta.
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