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arXiv 2201.05507astro-ph.EP
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原行星盘尘埃粒子的蒙特卡罗模拟:彗星中结晶硅酸盐与非晶硅酸盐的比值

Monte Carlo Simulation of Dust Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk: Crystalline to Amorphous Silicate Ratio in Comets

Tamami Okamoto, Shigeru Ida

摘要:

彗星中硅酸盐的观测推断结晶丰度应该是在原行星盘的外部区域形成的,相对较高(~ 10-60%),尽管结晶硅酸盐可能是通过盘内部区域的无定形前体退火形成的。为了定量地解决这个难题,我们在基于卵石吸积模型的设置中对湍流盘中硅酸盐颗粒的平流/扩散进行了蒙特卡罗模拟:在盘的外部区域形成由许多嵌入冰质地幔中的小的无定形硅酸盐组成的卵石,硅酸盐颗粒在雪线处释放,结晶硅酸盐颗粒在退火线处产生,硅酸盐颗粒扩散到雪线之外,它们最终粘在漂流的鹅卵石上,回到雪线。在一个简单的情况下,没有坚持和稳定的卵石流量,我们通过模拟和分析论证表明,在雪线以外的硅酸盐材料中的结晶成分是稳健和均匀的~ 5%。另一方面,在一个更现实的情况下,坚持和衰减卵石流量,晶体丰度提高到~ 20- 25%,这取决于衰变和扩散时标的比例。这一丰度与观测结果一致。在本研究中,我们假设一个简单的稳定的吸积盘。为了与观测数据进行更详细的比较,需要与盘演化相结合的模拟。

英文摘要:

Observationally inferred crystalline abundance in silicates in comets, which should have been formed in the outer region of a protoplanetary disk, is relatively high (~ 10-60%), although crystalline silicates would be formed by annealing of amorphous precursors in the disk inner region. In order to quantitatively address this puzzle, we have performed Monte Carlo simulation of advection/diffusion of silicate particles in a turbulent disk, in the setting based on pebble accretion model: pebbles consisting of many small amorphous silicates embedded in icy mantle are formed in the disk outer region, silicate particles are released at the snow line, crystalline silicate particles are produced at the annealing line, the silicate particles diffused beyond the snow line, and they eventually stick to drifting pebbles to come back to the snow line. In a simple case without the sticking and with a steady pebble flux, we show through the simulations and analytical arguments that crystalline components in silicate materials beyond the snow line is robustly and uniformly ~ 5%. On the other hand, in a more realistic case with the sticking and with a decaying pebble flux, the crystalline abundance is raised up to ~ 20-25%, depending on the ratio of decay and diffusion timescales. This abundance is consistent with the observations. In this investigation, we assume a simple steady accretion disk. The simulations coupled with the disk evolution is needed for more detailed comparison with observed data.

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