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arXiv 1003.3791astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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年轻巨蛇座星云中原行星盘尘埃的斯皮策巡天:尘埃特征如何随时间演变?

A Spitzer Survey of Protoplanetary Disk Dust in the Young Serpens Cloud: How do Dust Characteristics Evolve with Time?

Isa Oliveira, Klaus M. Pontoppidan, Bruno Merin, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Fred Lahuis, Vincent C. Geers, Jes K. Jorgensen, Johan Olofsson, Jean-Charles Augereau, Joanna M. Brown

摘要:

我们目前斯皮策IRS中红外(5-35微米)光谱的一个完整的通量有限的样本(> 3毫焦耳在8微米)的年轻恒星对象(YSO)的候选人选择的基础上,他们的红外颜色在巨蛇座分子云。对147个源的光谱进行了分类。背景恒星(斜率与变红的恒星光谱和吸收中的硅酸盐特征一致),星系(具有红移的PAH特征)和行星状星云(具有高电离线)占该样本中污染的22%,留下115个真正的YSO。源与上升的光谱和冰吸收功能,被归类为嵌入式第一阶段的原恒星,占样本的18%。其余82%(94)的磁盘源进行了分析的光谱能量分布形状,多环芳烃和硅酸盐的功能。这些硅酸盐特征的存在,强度和形状被用来推断这些系统的磁盘属性。约8%的盘具有与具有内孔或间隙的冷盘一致的30/13微米通量比,并且3%的盘显示PAH排放。与模型的比较表明,在这些磁盘表面的尘埃颗粒至少有几个μ \m的大小。20微米的硅酸盐特征有时在没有10微米特征的情况下被看到,这可以指示这些盘中的非常小的孔。没有发现显着差异的硅酸盐特征的形状和强度之间的源在集群和在外地的分布。此外,在巨蛇座的结果进行了比较,与其他研究的样本:c2 d IRS样本分布在5个云和金牛座恒星形成区的磁盘的大样本。在不同环境和中位年龄的样品中硅酸盐特征特征的显著相似分布-如果显着-意味着在磁盘表面的尘埃人口之间的平衡结果尘埃生长和破坏性的碰撞过程,保持在几百万年的任何YSO人口,无论环境。

英文摘要:

We present Spitzer IRS mid-infrared (5-35 micron) spectra of a complete flux-limited sample (> 3 mJy at 8 micron) of young stellar object (YSO) candidates selected on the basis of their infrared colors in the Serpens Molecular Cloud. Spectra of 147 sources are presented and classified. Background stars (with slope consistent with a reddened stellar spectrum and silicate features in absorption), galaxies (with redshifted PAH features) and a planetary nebula (with high ionization lines) amount to 22% of contamination in this sample, leaving 115 true YSOs. Sources with rising spectra and ice absorption features, classified as embedded Stage I protostars, amount to 18% of the sample. The remaining 82% (94) of the disk sources are analyzed in terms of spectral energy distribution shapes, PAHs and silicate features. The presence, strength and shape of these silicate features are used to infer disk properties for these systems. About 8% of the disks have 30/13 micron flux ratios consistent with cold disks with inner holes or gaps, and 3% of the disks show PAH emission. Comparison with models indicates that dust grains in the surface of these disks have sizes of at least a few μ\m. The 20 micron silicate feature is sometimes seen in absence of the 10 micron feature, which may be indicative of very small holes in these disks. No significant difference is found in the distribution of silicate feature shapes and strengths between sources in clusters and in the field. Moreover, the results in Serpens are compared with other well-studied samples: the c2d IRS sample distributed over 5 clouds and a large sample of disks in the Taurus star-forming region. The remarkably similar distributions of silicate feature characteristics in samples with different environment and median ages - if significant - imply that the dust population in the disk surface results from an equilibrium between dust growth and destructive collision processes that are maintained over a few million years for any YSO population irrespective of environment.

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