In this paper we continue the perturbative analysis of the quartic Kontsevich model. We investigate meromorphic functions $Ω^{(0)}_m$ with $m=1,2$, that obey blobbed topological recursion. We calculate their expansions and check their equivalence to sums of ribbon graph weights, which are obtained with common methods of perturbation theory in QFT, up to fifth order in the coupling using Mathematica.
Furthermore, we provide a catalog of permutation pairs $(α,σ)$, which encode all 5660 vacuum ribbon graphs that contribute to the free energy $\mathcal{F}^{(g)}$ with genus $g\geq 0$ up to fifth order and begin to expand upon the used methods to also consider ribbon graphs of general correlation functions $G_{\dots}$. This is a first step towards automation of the calculation of ribbon graph expansions in the quartic Kontsevich model.
Blobbed topological recursion and KP integrability
Center for Geometry and Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)（基础科学研究院几何物理中心）；Department of Mathematics, University of Haifa（海法大学数学系）；Faculty of Mathematics, HSE University（高等经济大学数学系）；HSE–Skoltech International Laboratory of Representation Theory and Mathematical Physics, Skoltech（俄罗斯高等经济大学-斯科尔科沃学院表示论与数学物理国际实验室，斯科尔科沃学院）；NRC “Kurchatov Institute” – ITEP（库尔恰托夫国家研究中心-理论物理研究所）；Igor Krichever Center for Advanced Studies, Skoltech（斯科尔科沃学院伊戈尔·克里切弗高级研究中心）；Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学科特韦格-德弗里斯数学研究所）
Random tensor models are generalizations of random matrix models which admit $1/N$ expansions. In this article we show that the topological recursion, a modern approach to matrix models which solves the loop equations at all orders, is also satisfied in some tensor models. While it is obvious in some tensor models which are matrix models in disguise, it is far from clear that it can be applied to others. Here we focus on melonic interactions for which the models are best understood, and further restrict to the quartic case. Then Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation maps the tensor model to a mu…
Tensor models are generalizations of matrix models and as such, it is a natural question to ask whether they satisfy some form of the topological recursion. The world of unitary-invariant observables is however much richer in tensor models than in matrix models. It is therefore a priori unclear which set of observables could satisfy the topological recursion. Such a set of observables was identified a few years ago in the context of the quartic melonic model by the first author and Dartois. It was shown to satisfy an extension of the topological recursion introduced by Borot and called the blo…
In this paper, we discuss the properties of the generating functions of spin Hurwitz numbers. In particular, for spin Hurwitz numbers with arbitrary ramification profiles, we construct the weighed sums which are given by Orlov's hypergeometric solutions of the 2-component BKP hierarchy. We derive the closed algebraic formulas for the correlation functions associated with these tau-functions, and under reasonable analytical assumptions we prove the loop equations (the blobbed topological recursion). Finally, we prove a version of topological recursion for the spin Hurwitz numbers with the spin …
In this text we review a few structural properties of matrix models that should at least partly generalize to random tensor models. We review some aspects of the loop equations for matrix models and their algebraic counterpart for tensor models. Despite the generic title of this review, we, in particular, invoke the Topological Recursion. We explain its appearance in matrix models. Then we state that a family of tensor models provides a natural example which satisfies a version of the most general form of the topological recursion, named the blobbed topological recursion. We discuss the diffic…
The analogue of Kontsevich's matrix Airy function, with the cubic potential $\operatorname{Tr}\big(Φ^3\big)$ replaced by a quartic term $\operatorname{Tr}\big(Φ^4\big)$ with the same covariance, provides a toy model for quantum field theory in which all correlation functions can be computed exactly and explicitly. In this paper we show that distinguished polynomials of correlation functions, themselves given by quickly growing series of Feynman ribbon graphs, sum up to much simpler and highly structured expressions. These expressions are deeply connected with meromorphic forms conjectured to o…
Random matrices are used in fields as different as the study of multi-orthogonal polynomials or the enumeration of discrete surfaces. Both of them are based on the study of a matrix integral. However, this term can be confusing since the definition of a matrix integral in these two applications is not the same. These two definitions, perturbative and non-perturbative, are discussed in this chapter as well as their relation. The so-called loop equations satisfied by integrals over random matrices coupled in chain is discussed as well as their recursive solution in the perturbative case when the…
We propose a conjecture to compute the all-order asymptotic expansion of the colored Jones polynomial of the complement of a hyperbolic knot, J_N(q = exp(2u/N)) when N goes to infinity. Our conjecture claims that the asymptotic expansion of the colored Jones polynomial is a the formal wave function of an integrable system whose semiclassical spectral curve S would be the SL_2(C) character variety of the knot (the A-polynomial), and is formulated in the framework of the topological recursion. It takes as starting point the proposal made recently by Dijkgraaf, Fuji and Manabe (who kept only the …
Two Recursions for the Seiberg-Witten Prepotential: Zamolodchikov's Recursion, the AGT Correspondence and Topological Recursion on the Seiberg-Witten Curve
The Bogoliubov recursion is a particular procedure appearing in the process of renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory. It provides convergent expressions for otherwise divergent integrals. We develop here a theory of functional identities for noncommutative Rota-Baxter algebras which is shown to encode, among others, this process in the context of Connes-Kreimer's Hopf algebra of renormalization. Our results generalize the seminal Cartier-Rota theory of classical Spitzer-type identities for commutative Rota-Baxter algebras. In the classical, commutative, case, these identities ca…
We study the relation between perturbative knot invariants and the free energies defined by topological string theory on the character variety of the knot. Such a correspondence between SL(2;C) Chern-Simons gauge theory and the topological open string theory was proposed earlier on the basis of the volume conjecture and AJ conjecture. In this paper we discuss this correspondence beyond the subleading order in the perturbative expansion on both sides. In the computation of the perturbative invariants for the hyperbolic 3-manifold, we adopt the state integral model for the hyperbolic knots, and …
We construct the off-shell recursion for gravity and the graviton current for the perturbative double field theory (DFT). We first formulate the perturbative DFT, which is equivalent but simpler to perturbative general relativity, to all-orders in fluctuations of generalised metric. The perturbative action and equations of motion (EoM) are derived to arbitrary order for pure gravity case. We then derive the graviton off-shell recursion, the gravity counterpart of the Berends-Giele recursion in Yang-Mills theory, through the so-called perturbiner method using the EoM of the perturbative DFT. We…
Using the hierarchical approximation, we discuss the cut-off dependence of the renormalized quantities of a scalar field theory. The naturalness problem and questions related to triviality bounds are briefly discussed. We discuss unphysical features associated with the hierarchical approximation such as the recently observed oscillatory corrections to the scaling laws. We mention a two-parameter family of recursion formulas which allows one to continuously extrapolate between Wilson's approximate recursion formula and the recursion formula of Dyson's hierarchical model. The parameters are the …
We consider field diffeomorphisms in the context of real scalar field theories. Starting from free field theories we apply non-linear field diffeomorphisms to the fields and study the perturbative expansion for the transformed theories. We find that tree level amplitudes for the transformed fields must satisfy BCFW type recursion relations for the S-matrix to remain trivial. For the massless field theory these relations continue to hold in loop computations. In the massive field theory the situation is more subtle. A necessary condition for the Feynman rules to respect the maximal ideal and co…
The goal of this article is to rederive the connection between the Painlevé $5$ integrable system and the universal eigenvalues correlation functions of double-scaled hermitian matrix models, through the topological recursion method. More specifically we prove, \textbf{to all orders}, that the WKB asymptotic expansions of the $τ$-function as well as of determinantal formulas arising from the Painlevé $5$ Lax pair are identical to the large $N$ double scaling asymptotic expansions of the partition function and correlation functions of any hermitian matrix model around a regular point in the bul…
Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；Theoretical Physics Department, CERN（欧洲核子研究中心理论物理部）；Department of Physics, Yonsei University（延世大学物理系）；Quantum Universe Center, Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等研究院量子宇宙中心）
We study the connection between the Eynard-Orantin topological recursion and quantum curves for the family of genus one spectral curves given by the Weierstrass equation. We construct quantizations of the spectral curve that annihilate the perturbative and non-perturbative wave-functions. In particular, for the non-perturbative wave-function, we prove, up to order hbar^5, that the quantum curve satisfies the properties expected from matrix models. As a side result, we obtain an infinite sequence of identities relating A-cycle integrals of elliptic functions and quasi-modular forms.
We present a recursive rule for the symbol of perturbative contributions to the vacuum wave function of a conformally coupled scalar in FRW cosmologies. The rule applies exactly for a class of interactions and cosmologies, which contains λϕ^3 in dS_4, a case of particular relevance as a source of building blocks for inflationary correlators. We use the rule to efficiently reproduce the tree-level four-point contribution and present novel computations of the bubble integrand and the tree-level five-point contribution. Our results apply equally well to the computation of Witten diagrams in Eucli…
KP integrability of non-perturbative differentials
Center for Geometry and Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)（基础科学研究院几何与物理中心）；University of Haifa（海法大学）；National Research University Higher School of Economics（高等经济国立研究大学）；Skoltech（斯科尔科沃科学技术学院）；ITEP（理论实验物理研究所）；Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学科特韦格-德弗里斯数学研究所）
We discuss the on-shell diagrammatic representation of theories less special than maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills. In particular, we focus on planar $\mathcal{N}\,\le\,2$ gauge theories, including pure Yang-Mills. For such a class of theories, the on-shell diagrammatics is endowed with a decoration which carries the information on the helicity of the coherent states. In the first part of the paper we extensively discuss the properties of this decorated diagrammatics. Particular relevance have the helicity flows that the decoration induces on the diagrams, which allows to identify the diffe…
We outline a new approach to calculating the quantum mechanical propagator in the presence of geometrically non-trivial Dirichlet boundary conditions based upon a generalisation of an integral transform of the propagator studied in previous work (the so-called ``hit function''), and a convergent sequence of Padé approximants. In this paper the generalised hit function is defined as a many-point propagator and we describe its relation to the sum over trajectories in the Feynman path integral. We then show how it can be used to calculate the Feynman propagator. We calculate analytically all such…
We discuss a general setup which allows the study of the perturbation theory of an arbitrary, locally harmonic 1D quantum mechanical potential as well as its multi-variable (many-body) generalization. The latter may form a prototype for regularized quantum field theory. We first generalize the method of Bender-Wu, and derive exact recursion relations which allow the determination of the perturbative wave-function and energy corrections to an arbitrary order, at least in principle. For 1D systems, we implement these equations in an easy to use Mathematica package we call BenderWu. Our package e…
We study perturbative general relativity with a two-form and a dilaton using the double field theory formulation which features explicit index factorisation at the Lagrangian level. Explicit checks to known tree level results are performed. In a natural covariant gauge a ghost-like scalar which contributes even at tree level is shown to decouple consistently as required by perturbative unitarity. In addition, a lightcone gauge is explored which bypasses the problem altogether. Using this gauge to study BCFW on-shell recursion, we can show that most of the D-dimensional tree level S-matrix of t…
We use localization techniques to study the non-perturbative properties of an N=2 superconformal gauge theory with gauge group SU(3) and six fundamental flavours. The instanton corrections to the prepotential, the dual periods and the period matrix are calculated in a locus of special vacua possessing a Z_3 symmetry. In a semi-classical expansion, we show that these observables are constrained by S-duality via a modular anomaly equation which takes the form of a recursion relation. The solutions of the recursion relation are quasi-modular functions of Gamma_1(3), which is a subgroup of the S-d…
We study the large $N$ 't Hooft expansion of the partition function of 2d $U(N)$ Yang-Mills theory on a torus. We compute the $1/N$ genus expansion of both the chiral and the full partition function of 2d Yang-Mills using the recursion relation found by Kaneko and Zagier with a slight modification. Then we study the large order behavior of this genus expansion, from which we extract the non-perturbative correction using the resurgence relation. It turns out that the genus expansion is not Borel summable and the coefficient of 1-instanton correction, the so-called Stokes parameter, is pure imag…
We study quartic matrix models with partition function Z[E,J]=\int dM \exp(trace(JM-EM^2-(λ/4)M^4)). The integral is over the space of Hermitean NxN-matrices, the external matrix E encodes the dynamics, λ>0 is a scalar coupling constant and the matrix J is used to generate correlation functions. For E not a multiple of the identity matrix, we prove a universal algebraic recursion formula which gives all higher correlation functions in terms of the 2-point function and the distinct eigenvalues of E. The 2-point function itself satisfies a closed non-linear equation which must be solved case by …
An important aspect of improving perturbative predictions in high energy physics is efficiently reducing dimensionally regularised Feynman integrals through integration by parts (IBP) relations. The well-known triangle rule has been used to achieve simple reduction schemes. In this work we introduce an extensible, multi-loop version of the triangle rule, which we refer to as the diamond rule. Such a structure appears frequently in higher-loop calculations. We derive an explicit solution for the recursion, which prevents spurious poles in intermediate steps of the computations. Applications for…
The analysis of the combinatorics resulting from the perturbative expansion of the transition amplitude in quantum field theories, and the relation of this expansion to the Hausdorff series leads naturally to consider an infinite dimensional Lie subalgebra and the corresponding enveloping Hopf algebra, to which the elements of this series are associated. We show that in the context of these structures the power sum symmetric functionals of the perturbative expansion are Hopf primitives and that they are given by linear combinations of Hall polynomials, or diagrammatically by Hall trees. We sho…
This thesis aims at providing better understanding of the perturbative expansion of gauge theories with and without supersymmetry. At tree level, the BCFW recursion relations are analyzed with respect to their validity for general off-shell objects in Yang-Mills theory, which is a significant step away from their established zone of applicability. Unphysical poles constitute a new potential problem in addition to the boundary behavior issue, common to the on-shell case as well. For an infinite family of massive fermion currents, both obstacles are shown to be avoided under the certain conditio…
Tensor field theory (TFT) focuses on quantum field theory aspects of random tensor models, a quantum-gravity-motivated generalisation of random matrix models. The TFT correlation functions have been shown to be classified by graphs that describe the geometry of the boundary states, the so-called boundary graphs. These graphs can be disconnected, although the correlation functions are themselves connected. In a recent work, the Schwinger-Dyson equations for an arbitrary albeit connected boundary were obtained. Here, we introduce the multivariable graph calculus in order to derive the missing eq…
This thesis studies matrix field theories, which are a special type of matrix models. First, the different types of applications are pointed out, from (noncommutative) quantum field theory over 2-dimensional quantum gravity up to algebraic geometry with explicit computation of intersection numbers on the moduli space of complex curves. The Kontsevich model, which has proved the Witten conjecture, is the simplest example of a matrix field theory. Generalisations of this model will be studied, where different potentials and the spectral dimension (defined by the asymptotics of the external matri…
Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；Theoretical Physics Department, CERN（欧洲核子研究中心理论物理部）；School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等科学研究院物理学院）；Quantum Universe Center, Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等科学研究院量子宇宙中心）
The free energy of a multi-component scalar field theory is considered as a functional W[G,J] of the free correlation function G and an external current J. It obeys non-linear functional differential equations which are turned into recursion relations for the connected Greens functions in a loop expansion. These relations amount to a simple proof that W[G,J] generates only connected graphs and can be used to find all such graphs with their combinatoric weights. A Legendre transformation with respect to the external current converts the functional differential equations for the free energy into…
Tidal Response Beyond the Background Geometry in Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg Black Holes
Universidad Católica de Temuco（特木科天主教大学）；Universidad Diego Portales（迭戈·波特莱斯大学）；Eastern Mediterranean University（东地中海大学）；Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso（瓦爾帕萊索天主教大學）；Universidad de La Serena（拉塞雷纳大学）
