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arXiv 2201.01483eess.SYcs.SY
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感知与控制集成的风险有界非线性机器人运动规划

Risk Bounded Nonlinear Robot Motion Planning With Integrated Perception & Control

Venkatraman Renganathan, Sleiman Safaoui, Aadi Kothari, Benjamin Gravell, Iman Shames, Tyler Summers

摘要:

强大的自主堆栈需要感知、运动规划和控制层的紧密集成,但这些层通常不能充分结合固有的感知和预测不确定性,要么完全忽略它们,要么做出可疑的高斯假设。具有非线性动力学和复杂传感模式的机器人在不确定的环境中运行,需要更仔细地考虑不确定性如何在堆栈层之间传播。我们提出了一个框架,集成感知,运动规划和控制明确纳入规划的感知和预测的不确定性,使违反约束的风险可以减轻。具体来说,我们使用一个非线性模型预测控制为基础的转向法加上一个去相关方案为基础的Unscented卡尔曼滤波器的状态和环境估计传播的机器人状态和环境的不确定性。随后,我们使用分布鲁棒风险约束来限制这些不确定性存在的风险。最后,我们提出了一个分层自治堆栈组成的非线性转向为基础的分布式鲁棒运动规划模块和参考轨迹跟踪模块。非线性机器人模型和城市驾驶模拟器的数值实验表明,我们提出的方法的有效性。

英文摘要:

Robust autonomy stacks require tight integration of perception, motion planning, and control layers, but these layers often inadequately incorporate inherent perception and prediction uncertainties, either ignoring them altogether or making questionable assumptions of Gaussianity. Robots with nonlinear dynamics and complex sensing modalities operating in an uncertain environment demand more careful consideration of how uncertainties propagate across stack layers. We propose a framework to integrate perception, motion planning, and control by explicitly incorporating perception and prediction uncertainties into planning so that risks of constraint violation can be mitigated. Specifically, we use a nonlinear model predictive control based steering law coupled with a decorrelation scheme based Unscented Kalman Filter for state and environment estimation to propagate the robot state and environment uncertainties. Subsequently, we use distributionally robust risk constraints to limit the risk in the presence of these uncertainties. Finally, we present a layered autonomy stack consisting of a nonlinear steering-based distributionally robust motion planning module and a reference trajectory tracking module. Our numerical experiments with nonlinear robot models and an urban driving simulator show the effectiveness of our proposed approaches.

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