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arXiv 2112.12697physics.plasm-phcs.NAmath.NAphysics.comp-ph
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噪声在Buneman不稳定性的PIC和Vlasov模拟中的作用

The role of noise in PIC and Vlasov simulations of the Buneman instability

Arash Tavassoli, Oleksandr Chapurin, Marilyn Jimenez, Mina Papahn Zadeh, Trevor Zinte, Meghraj Sengupta, Lénaïc Couëdel, Raymond J. Spiteri, Magdi Shoucri, Andrei Smolyakov

摘要:

研究了粒子池(PIC)中噪声的影响以及非磁化等离子体中布尼曼不稳定性的Vlasov模拟。结果发现,在政权的低漂移速度,在PIC模拟的不稳定性的线性阶段显着不同的理论预测,而在Vlasov模拟它没有。一系列的高分辨率PIC模拟越来越大的数量的宏粒子每个细胞进行使用一些不同的PIC代码。所有的模拟预测高度相似的增长率是几倍以上的线性理论计算。因此,我们发现,真正的收敛的PIC模拟在线性政权是难以捉摸的,在实践中实现,很容易被错误识别。理论和观察到的增长率之间的差异归因于PIC模拟中固有的初始噪声,而不是在Vlasov模拟中,这导致粒子捕获,即使被捕获粒子的分数很低。我们分析表明,即使是微弱的扭曲的电子速度分布函数(如扁平化由于粒子捕获)的结果在显着修改的增长率。它也被发现,共同的安静启动方法PIC模拟导致更准确的增长率,但只有当最大增长率模式最初被扰动。我们证明了安静启动方法并不能完全解决噪声问题,因为模拟通常表现出与线性理论不一致。

英文摘要:

The effects of noise in particle-in-cell (PIC) and Vlasov simulations of the Buneman instability in unmagnetized plasmas are studied. It is found that, in the regime of low drift velocity, the linear stage of the instability in PIC simulations differs significantly from the theoretical predictions, whereas in the Vlasov simulations it does not. A series of highly resolved PIC simulations with increasingly large numbers of macroparticles per cell is performed using a number of different PIC codes. All the simulations predict highly similar growth rates that are several times larger than those calculated from the linear theory. As a result, we find that the true convergence of the PIC simulations in the linear regime is elusive to achieve in practice and can easily be misidentified. The discrepancy between the theoretical and observed growth rates is attributed to the initial noise inherently present in PIC simulations, but not in Vlasov simulations, that causes particle trapping even though the fraction of trapped particles is low. We show analytically that even weak distortions of the electron velocity distribution function (such as flattening due to particle trapping) result in significant modifications of the growth rates. It is also found that the common quiet-start method for PIC simulations leads to more accurate growth rates but only if the maximum growth rate mode is perturbed initially. We demonstrate that the quiet-start method does not completely remedy the noise problem because the simulations generally exhibit inconsistencies with the linear theory.

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