As a contribution to quantitative set-theoretic inferencing, a translation is proposed of conjunctions of literals of the forms $x=y\setminus z$, $x \neq y\setminus z$, and $z =\{x\}$, where $x,y,z$ stand for variables ranging over the von Neumann universe of sets, into unquantified Boolean formulae of a rather simple conjunctive normal form. The formulae in the target language involve variables ranging over a Boolean ring of sets, along with a difference operator and relators designating equality, non-disjointness and inclusion. Moreover, the result of each translation is a conjunction of literals of the forms $x=y\setminus z$, $x\neq y\setminus z$ and of implications whose antecedents are isolated literals and whose consequents are either inclusions (strict or non-strict) between variables, or equalities between variables. Besides reflecting a simple and natural semantics, which ensures satisfiability-preservation, the proposed translation has quadratic algorithmic time-complexity, and bridges two languages both of which are known to have an NP-complete satisfiability problem.
Pegaso University(佩加索大学);University of Padua(帕多瓦大学);CNRS, LIPN, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord(法国国家科学研究中心,LIPN,索邦巴黎北大学);University of Napoli ``Federico II''(那不勒斯费德里科二世大学)
A Set-Theoretic Decision Procedure for Quantifier-Free, Decidable Languages Extended with Restricted Quantifiers
设$\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{X}}$是一阶可判定理论$\mathcal{X}$的语言。考虑一种语言$\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{RQ}}(\mathcal{X})$,它用$\forall x \in A: ϕ$(限制全称量词,RUQ)和$\exists x \in A: ϕ$(限制存在量词,REQ)形式的公式扩展了$\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{X}}$,其中$A$是一个有限集,$ϕ$是由$\mathcal{X}$ -公式,RUQ和REQ组成的公式。也就是说,$\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{RQ}}(\mathcal{X})$允许嵌套的限制量词。在本文中,我们提出了一个决策过程$\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{RQ}}(\mathcal{X})$的基础上,决策过程已经定义的有限集的布尔代数扩展的限制内涵集($\mathcal{L}_\mathcal{RIS}$)。还介绍了作为$\{log\}$(“setlog”)工具一部分的决策程序的执行情况。该方法的实用性是通过一些来自现实世界的案例研究的例子。
Generalising unit-refutation completeness and SLUR via nested input resolution
College of Science, Swansea University(斯旺西大学理学院)
我们介绍了两个层次的子句集,SLUR_k和UC_k,基于类SLUR(单前瞻单元反驳),在1995年推出,和UC(单元反驳完成),在1994年推出。在[Annexstein et al,1995]中引入的类SLUR是子句集的类,对于该子句集,单位子句传播(由r_1表示)检测不可满足性,或者在其他情况下迭代分配,通过前瞻避免明显的错误分配,总是产生令人满意的分配。考虑如何形成基于SLUR的层次结构是很自然的。此类研究始于[Cepek et al,2012]和[Balyo et al,2012]。我们提出了我们认为的“极限层次”SLUR_k,根据推广r_1的r_k,也就是说,使用广义单位子句传播介绍[Kullmann,1999年,2004年]。在[Del Val,1994]中研究的UC类是单位反驳完备子句集类,即在任意证伪指派下,r_1都可判定其不可满足性的子句集。对于不可满足子句集F,使r_k决定F的不可满足性的最小值k正是F的“硬度”,如[Ku 99,04]中所介绍的。对于可满足的F,我们现在使用[Ansotegui et al,2008]中提到的扩展:硬度是最小的k,使得在应用任何伪造部分赋值之后,r_k确定不可满足性。类UC_k由硬度<= k的子句集给出。我们观察到UC_1恰好是UC。UC_k具有证明论性质,这是由于硬度和树分辨率之间的关系,而SLUR_k具有算法性质。r_k与k…