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arXiv 2112.04089nucl-thastro-ph.HEnucl-ex
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利用人工神经网络将中子星观测转换为核对称能

Translating neutron star observations to nuclear symmetry energy via artificial neural networks

Plamen G. Krastev

摘要:

在理解稠密富中子物质状态方程的过程中,最重要的挑战之一是核对称能的不确定密度依赖性。由于其广泛的影响,确定核对称能的密度依赖性一直是核物理学和天体物理学的长期目标。最近对中子星的电磁波谱和引力波谱的观测,已经显著地限制了高密度核的对称能。训练深度神经网络来学习中子星的天体物理学可观测值(如质量、半径和潮汐变形率)与核对称能之间映射的计算有效表示,可以可靠准确地确定其密度依赖性。在这项工作中,我们使用深度学习方法直接从观测到的中子星数据中确定核对称能作为密度的函数。我们第一次证明了人工神经网络可以从一组可用的中子星可观测量中精确地重建核对称能,例如,NICER任务,或LIGO/VIRGO/KAGRA引力波探测器测量的质量和潮汐形变。这些结果证明了人工神经网络直接从中子星观测数据重建对称能量和状态方程的潜力,并强调了深度学习方法在多信使天体物理学时代的重要性。

英文摘要:

One of the most significant challenges involved in efforts to understand the equation of state of dense neutron-rich matter is the uncertain density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. Because of its broad impact, pinning down the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy has been a longstanding goal of both nuclear physics and astrophysics. Recent observations of neutron stars, in both electromagnetic and gravitational-wave spectra, have already constrained significantly the nuclear symmetry energy at high densities. Training deep neural networks to learn a computationally efficient representation of the mapping between astrophysical observables of neutron stars, such as masses, radii, and tidal deformabilities, and the nuclear symmetry energy allows its density dependence to be determined reliably and accurately. In this work we use a deep learning approach to determine the nuclear symmetry energy as a function of density directly from observational neutron star data. We show for the first time that artificial neural networks can precisely reconstruct the nuclear symmetry energy from a set of available neutron star observables, such as, masses and radii as those measured by, e.g., the NICER mission, or masses and tidal deformabilities as measured by the LIGO/VIRGO/KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors. These results demonstrate the potential of artificial neural networks to reconstruct the symmetry energy, and the equation of state, directly from neutron star observational data, and emphasize the importance of the deep learning approach in the era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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