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arXiv 2112.03335astro-ph.GA
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银河系核风中的分子气体

Molecular Gas within the Milky Way's Nuclear Wind

Frances H. Cashman, Andrew J. Fox, Blair D. Savage, Bart P. Wakker, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Robert A. Benjamin, Philipp Richter, Trisha Ashley, Edward B. Jenkins, F… 展开作者

Frances H. Cashman, Andrew J. Fox, Blair D. Savage, Bart P. Wakker, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Robert A. Benjamin, Philipp Richter, Trisha Ashley, Edward B. Jenkins, Felix J. Lockman, Rongmon Bordoloi, Tae-Sun Kim

摘要:

我们报告的第一个直接检测到分子氢与银河核风。LS 4825是一颗B1 Ib-II型恒星,位于$l,b$ = 1.67 $^{\circ}$,$-$ 6.63 $^{\circ}$,距离太阳$d$ = 9.9 $^{+1.4}_{-0.8}$ kpc,$\sim$位于银心附近银道面下1 kpc,它的远紫外光谱探测器光谱显示出两个高速H $_2$分量,分别位于$v_\mathrm{LSR}$ = $-79$和$-108$ km s $^{-1}$。与此相反,在$d$ =4.9 $^{+0.8}_{-0.7}$ kpc的附近(距离$^{\circ}$ 0.6)的前景恒星HD 167402的FUSE光谱显示,在这些速度下没有H $_2$吸收。在高速云中识别出60多条$J$旋转能级$J$ = 0 ~ 5的谱线。对于$v_\mathrm{LSR}$ = $-79$公里秒$^{-1}$云,我们测量总日志$N$(H $_2$)$\geq$ 16.75厘米$^{-2}$,分子分数$f_\mathrm{H_2}$ $\geq$ 0.8%,和$T_{01}$ $\geq$ 97和$T_{25}$ $\leq$ 439 K的地面和激发态旋转激发温度。在$v_\mathrm{LSR}$ = $-108$ km s $^{-1}$时,我们测量log $N$(H $_2$)= 16.13 $\pm$ 0.10 cm $^{-2}$,$f_\mathrm{H_2}$ $\geq$ 0.5%,且$T_{01}$ = 77 $^{+34}_{-18}$且$T_{25}$ = 1092 $^{+149}_{-117}$ K,其中激发态邻位至对位H $_2$为1.0 $^{+0.3}_{-0.1}$,远小于在该温度下气体所期望的平衡值3。这种非平衡比表明,$-108$ km s $^{-1}$云最近被激发,还没有时间平衡。当LS 4825的视线靠近银河系盘的一个倾斜部分时,我们认为我们正在探测一个边界区域,在那里核风正在从盘中移除气体。

英文摘要:

We report the first direct detection of molecular hydrogen associated with the Galactic nuclear wind. The Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer spectrum of LS 4825, a B1 Ib-II star at $l,b$ = 1.67$^{\circ}$,$-$6.63$^{\circ}$ lying $d$ = 9.9$^{+1.4}_{-0.8}$ kpc from the Sun, $\sim$1 kpc below the Galactic plane near the Galactic Center, shows two high-velocity H$_2$ components at $v_\mathrm{LSR}$ = $-79$ and $-108$ km s$^{-1}$. In contrast, the FUSE spectrum of the nearby ($\sim$0.6$^{\circ}$ away) foreground star HD 167402 at $d$=4.9$^{+0.8}_{-0.7}$ kpc reveals no H$_2$ absorption at these velocities. Over 60 lines of H$_2$ from rotational levels $J$ = 0 to 5 are identified in the high-velocity clouds. For the $v_\mathrm{LSR}$ = $-79$ km s$^{-1}$ cloud we measure total log $N$(H$_2$) $\geq$ 16.75 cm$^{-2}$, molecular fraction $f_\mathrm{H_2}$ $\geq$ 0.8%, and $T_{01}$ $\geq$ 97 and $T_{25}$ $\leq$ 439 K for the ground- and excited-state rotational excitation temperatures. At $v_\mathrm{LSR}$ = $-108$ km s$^{-1}$, we measure log $N$(H$_2$) = 16.13 $\pm$ 0.10 cm$^{-2}$, $f_\mathrm{H_2}$ $\geq$ 0.5%, and $T_{01}$ = 77$^{+34}_{-18}$ and $T_{25}$ = 1092$^{+149}_{-117}$ K, for which the excited state ortho- to para-H$_2$ is 1.0$^{+0.3}_{-0.1}$, much less than the equilibrium value of 3 expected for gas at this temperature. This non-equilibrium ratio suggests that the $-108$ km s$^{-1}$ cloud has been recently excited and has not yet had time to equilibrate. As the LS 4825 sight line passes close by a tilted section of the Galactic disk, we propose that we are probing a boundary region where the nuclear wind is removing gas from the disk.

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