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arXiv 2111.08720astro-ph.GA
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在M31最大质量球状星团中探测到$\sim$ 100,000 M $_\odot$黑洞:潮汐剥离核

Detection of a $\sim$100,000 M$_\odot$ black hole in M31's most massive globular cluster: A tidally stripped nucleus

Renuka Pechetti, Anil Seth, Sebastian Kamann, Nelson Caldwell, Jay Strader, Mark den Brok, Nora Luetzgendorf, Nadine Neumayer, Karina Voggel

摘要:

我们研究了M31最大质量的球状星团B 023-G 078中中心黑洞的存在。我们提出了高分辨率,自适应光学辅助,积分场光谱运动学从双子座/NIFS,显示了强大的旋转($\sim$ 20公里/秒)和速度色散上升的中心(37公里/秒)。我们结合的运动学数据与质量模型的基础上的两个组件适合$HST$ ACS/HRC数据的集群估计的质量推定BH。我们的动力学模型表明,$>$ 3 $σ$检测BH分量为9.1 $^{+2.6}_{-2.8}\times$ 10 $^4$ M $_\odot$(1 $σ$不确定性)。该星团的恒星质量为6.22 $^{+0.03}_{-0.05}\times$ 10 $^6$ M $_\odot$,与先前的估计一致,因此BH占其质量的1.5%。我们研究所观察到的运动学是否是由恒星质量BH的集合所造成的建模作为一个普卢默配置文件的扩展暗质量。扩展质量的尺寸范围上限为0.56 pc(95%置信度),这并不排除扩展质量。有令人信服的证据表明,B 023-G 078是恒星质量为$>$ 10 $^9$ M $_{\odot}$的星系的潮汐剥离核,包括其高质量,双分量光度轮廓,颜色,金属丰度梯度和金属丰度分布。鉴于新出现的证据表明,$>$ 10 $^9$ M $_{\odot}$星系的中央BH占有率很高,最合理的解释的运动学数据是,B 023-G 078主机的中央BH。这使其成为在较低质量($<$ 10 $^7$ M $_{\odot}$)剥离核中最强的BH检测,并且是少数动态检测到的中等质量BH之一。

英文摘要:

We investigate the presence of a central black hole (BH) in B023-G078, M31's most massive globular cluster. We present high-resolution, adaptive-optics assisted, integral-field spectroscopic kinematics from Gemini/NIFS that shows a strong rotation ($\sim$20 km/s) and a velocity dispersion rise towards the center (37 km/s). We combine the kinematic data with a mass model based on a two-component fit to $HST$ ACS/HRC data of the cluster to estimate the mass of a putative BH. Our dynamical modeling suggests a $>$3$σ$ detection of a BH component of 9.1$^{+2.6}_{-2.8}\times$10$^4$ M$_\odot$ (1$σ$ uncertainties). The inferred stellar mass of the cluster is 6.22$^{+0.03}_{-0.05}\times$10$^6$ M$_\odot$, consistent with previous estimates, thus the BH makes up 1.5% of its mass. We examine whether the observed kinematics are caused by a collection of stellar mass BHs by modeling an extended dark mass as a Plummer profile. The upper limit on the size scale of the extended mass is 0.56 pc (95% confidence), which does not rule out an extended mass. There is compelling evidence that B023-G078 is the tidally stripped nucleus of a galaxy with a stellar mass $>$10$^9$ M$_{\odot}$, including its high mass, two-component luminosity profile, color, metallicity gradient, and spread in metallicity. Given the emerging evidence that the central BH occupation fraction of $>$10$^9$ M$_{\odot}$ galaxies is high, the most plausible interpretation of the kinematic data is that B023-G078 hosts a central BH. This makes it the strongest BH detection in a lower mass ($<$10$^7$ M$_{\odot}$) stripped nucleus, and one of the few dynamically detected intermediate-mass BHs.

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