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arXiv 2504.08034astro-ph.GA
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NGC 5128 晕中被剥离星系核内游荡黑洞的 X 射线约束

X-ray Constraints on Wandering Black Holes in Stripped Galaxy Nuclei in the Halo of NGC 5128

S. L. Feyan, R. Urquhart, J. Strader, A. C. Seth, D. J. Sand, N. Caldwell, D. Crnojević, A. Dumont, K. Voggel

AI总结:

本文利用 Chandra 和 XMM-Newton 数据研究 NGC 5128 晕中候选被剥离星系核的 X 射线辐射,发现其 X 射线源比例低于或与正常大质量星团相当,表明这些源主要是 X 射线双星而非活动星系核,并指出对游荡黑洞进行吸积普查十分困难。

摘要:

一部分星系拥有致密核,当这些星系被吸积并受到潮汐剥离时,其核可能伪装成大星系晕中的球状星团。如果这些核包含大质量中心黑洞,其中一些可能吸积气体并成为可观测的活动星系核。此前研究发现候选被剥离核很少承载明亮 X 射线源,但这些研究通常仅限于最大质量的候选核和最明亮的 X 射线源。本文利用新的和档案中的 Chandra 与 XMM-Newton 数据,在最近可观测的椭圆星系 NGC 5128 中,对一个近完备的大质量球状星团和候选被剥离核样本搜寻 X 射线辐射。该样本具有独特优势:候选被剥离核是通过升高的质光比动力学识别的。我们的核心结果是,在典型探测极限 L_X ~ 5 × 10^36 erg s^-1 下,22 个候选被剥离核中有 5 个(23^{+11}_{-6}%)拥有 X 射线源,这一比例低于或与具有正常质光比的大质量星团中的比例(16/41;39^{+8}_{-7}%)相当。因此我们确认并扩展了以下结论:被剥离核中几乎所有的 X 射线源很可能是 X 射线双星,而不是活动星系核。如果候选被剥离核拥有典型质量约 2 × 10^5 M_⊙ 的黑洞,以解释其升高的质光比,那么它们的典型爱丁顿比约为 ≲ 2 × 10^{-6}。这表明,即使对邻近星系周围的游荡黑洞进行吸积普查也将具有挑战性。

英文摘要:

A subset of galaxies have dense nuclei, and when these galaxies are accreted and tidally stripped, the nuclei can masquerade as globular clusters in the halos of large galaxies. If these nuclei contain massive central black holes, some may accrete gas and become observable as active galactic nuclei. Previous studies have found that candidate stripped nuclei rarely host luminous X-ray sources, but these studies were typically restricted to both the most massive candidate nuclei and the most luminous X-ray sources. Here we use new and archival Chandra and XMM-Newton data to search for X-ray emission in a near-complete sample of massive globular clusters and candidate stripped nuclei in the nearest accessible elliptical galaxy, NGC 5128. This sample has the unique advantage that the candidate stripped nuclei are identified dynamically via elevated mass-to-light ratios. Our central result is that 5/22 ($23^{+11}_{-6}$%) of the candidate stripped nuclei have X-ray sources down to a typical limit of $L_X \sim 5 \times 10^{36}$ erg s$^{-1}$, a fraction lower than or comparable to that among massive clusters with normal mass-to-light ratios (16/41; $39^{+8}_{-7}$%). Hence we confirm and extend the result that nearly all X-ray sources in stripped nuclei are likely to be X-ray binaries rather than active galactic nuclei. If the candidate stripped nuclei have black holes of typical masses $\sim 2 \times 10^{5} M_{\odot}$ needed to explain their elevated mass-to-light ratios, then they have typical Eddington ratios of $\lesssim 2 \times 10^{-6}$. This suggests that it will be challenging to conduct an accretion census of wandering black holes around even nearby galaxies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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