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arXiv 2111.08552cond-mat.mes-hallquant-ph
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具有库仑势的Dirac方程的通解与自旋不变本征态

General solution vs spin invariant eigenstates of the Dirac equation with the Coulomb potential

L. S. Brizhik, A. A. Eremko, V. M. Loktev

摘要:

利用狄拉克方程的算子不变量,即狄拉克、约翰逊-李普曼和最近发现的新的不变量,得到了库仑势中电子的狄拉克方程的解。证明了这些算符是自旋不变量。构造了广义不变量,求出了Dirac方程的精确通解,特别是计算了对应于这三组不变量的双旋量及其本征值和量子数的显式表达式.证明了单中心库仑-狄拉克方程的通解含有自由参数。改变这些参数中的一个或多个,可以将狄拉克方程的一个解变换为任何其他解。首次证明了这些不变量决定了每个量子态中电子的空间几率振幅和自旋极化。电子的概率密度和自旋极化显式计算的一般形式中的几个电子态的类氢能谱。这些特性的空间分布基本上取决于不变集,演示,尽管偶然的简并的能级,物理差异的状态对应于不同的自旋不变量。

英文摘要:

Solutions of the Dirac equation for an electron in the Coulomb potential are obtained using operator invariants of the equation, namely the Dirac, Johnson-Lippmann and recently found new invariant. It is demonstrated that these operators are the spin invariants. The generalized invariant is constructed and the exact general solution of the Dirac equation are found. In particular, the explicit expressions of the bispinors corresponding to the three complete sets of the invariants, their eigenvalues and quantum numbers are calculated. It is shown that the general solution of one center Coulomb Dirac equation contains free parameters. Changing one or more of these parameters, one can transform one solution of the Dirac equation into any other. It is shown for the first time that these invariants determine electron spatial probability amplitude and spin polarization in each quantum state. Electron probability densities and spin polarizations are explicitly calculated in the general form for several electron states in the hydrogen-like energy spectrum. Spatial distributions of these characteristics are shown to depend essentially on the invariant set, demonstrating, in spite of the accidental degeneracy of energy levels, physical difference of the states corresponding to different spin invariants.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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