带有门控库仑阻塞温度计的脉冲管低温恒温器上的微开尔文电子学
Microkelvin electronics on a pulse-tube cryostat with a gate Coulomb blockade thermometer
摘要：
获得较低的温度一直使科学突破。将\emph{on-chip}温度的极限推到微开尔文区域，将为前所未有的量子相干性、物质的新量子态以及意外现象的发现打开大门。绝热退磁是微开尔文冷却的主力，需要稀释制冷机预冷阶段。脉冲管稀释制冷机由于其巨大的实验空间和不依赖于氦而受到极大的欢迎，但它们不可避免的振动使微开尔文冷却非常困难。由于对噪声的极端敏感性，在这个未开发的领域中的片上温度测量也不是一项微不足道的任务。在这里，我们提出了一个脉冲管兼容microkelvin样品架板上冷却和微波滤波，并介绍了一种新型的温度传感器，门库仑阻塞温度计（gCBT），深入到microkelvin制度。使用片上和片外冷却，我们证明电子温度低至224 $\pm$ 7 $μ$ K，保持低于300 $μ$ K 27小时，从而提供足够的时间进行测量。最后，我们给出了一个展望冷却到50 $μ$ K以下的新一代微开尔文传输实验。
英文摘要：
Access to lower temperatures has consistently enabled scientific breakthroughs. Pushing the limits of \emph{on-chip} temperatures deep into the microkelvin regime would open the door to unprecedented quantum coherence, novel quantum states of matter, and also the discovery of unexpected phenomena. Adiabatic demagnetization is the workhorse of microkelvin cooling, requiring a dilution refrigerator precooling stage. Pulse-tube dilution refrigerators have grown enormously in popularity due to their vast experimental space and independence of helium, but their unavoidable vibrations are making microkelvin cooling very difficult. On-chip thermometry in this unexplored territory is also not a trivial task due to extreme sensitivity to noise. Here, we present a pulse-tube compatible microkelvin sample holder with on-board cooling and microwave filtering and introduce a new type of temperature sensor, the gate Coulomb blockade thermometer (gCBT), working deep into the microkelvin regime. Using on- and off-chip cooling, we demonstrate electronic temperatures as low as 224$\pm$7$μ$K, remaining below 300$μ$K for 27 hours, thus providing sufficient time for measurements. Finally, we give an outlook for cooling below 50$μ$K for a new generation of microkelvin transport experiments.
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