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arXiv 2109.14711cs.LGcs.AIcs.RO
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规则密集环境中的感知体验重放

Explanation-Aware Experience Replay in Rule-Dense Environments

University of Bologna(博洛尼亚大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)

Francesco Sovrano, Alex Raymond, Amanda Prorok

摘要:

人类环境通常由明确而复杂的规则集来调节。将强化学习(RL)代理集成到这样的环境中,可以促进学习机制的发展,这些学习机制在规则密集和异常充斥的环境中表现良好,例如在受管制的道路上进行自动驾驶。在本文中,我们提出了一种组织经验的方法,通过分区的经验缓冲区成集群标记的每解释的基础上。我们提出了与模块化规则集和9个学习任务兼容的离散和连续导航环境。对于具有可解释规则集的环境,我们将基于规则的解释转换为基于案例的解释,方法是将状态转换分配到标有解释的聚类中。这使我们能够以课程和任务为导向的方式进行体验,专注于事件的稀有性,重要性和意义。我们把这个概念称为解释-意识(XA)。我们执行XA体验重放(XAER)与集群内和集群间的优先级,并引入XA兼容版本的DQN,TD 3和SAC。与传统的优先体验重放基线相比,这些算法的XA版本的性能始终优于传统的优先体验重放基线,这表明解释工程可以用于替代具有可解释功能的环境的奖励工程。

英文摘要:

Human environments are often regulated by explicit and complex rulesets. Integrating Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents into such environments motivates the development of learning mechanisms that perform well in rule-dense and exception-ridden environments such as autonomous driving on regulated roads. In this paper, we propose a method for organising experience by means of partitioning the experience buffer into clusters labelled on a per-explanation basis. We present discrete and continuous navigation environments compatible with modular rulesets and 9 learning tasks. For environments with explainable rulesets, we convert rule-based explanations into case-based explanations by allocating state-transitions into clusters labelled with explanations. This allows us to sample experiences in a curricular and task-oriented manner, focusing on the rarity, importance, and meaning of events. We label this concept Explanation-Awareness (XA). We perform XA experience replay (XAER) with intra and inter-cluster prioritisation, and introduce XA-compatible versions of DQN, TD3, and SAC. Performance is consistently superior with XA versions of those algorithms, compared to traditional Prioritised Experience Replay baselines, indicating that explanation engineering can be used in lieu of reward engineering for environments with explainable features.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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