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arXiv 2109.13271astro-ph.GA
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磁场和外流反馈对湍流成星云中密度PDF形状和演化的影响

The Effects of Magnetic Fields and Outflow Feedback on the Shape and Evolution of the Density PDF in Turbulent Star-Forming Clouds

Sabrina M. Appel, Blakesley Burkhart, Vadim A. Semenov, Christoph Federrath, Anna L. Rosen

摘要:

使用一套恒星形成分子云的三维流体动力学模拟,我们调查的密度概率分布函数(PDF)的变化时,包括重力,湍流,磁场,和原恒星流出和加热。我们发现,当考虑外流和自重力时,密度PDF不是对数正态的。自引力产生的幂律尾在高密度和列入恒星反馈的原恒星流出和加热产生显着的随时间变化的偏差,在低密度的对数正态分布。与没有外流的模拟相比,有外流的模拟有过量的扩散气体,表现出增加的平均音速马赫数,并在整个运行期间保持较慢的恒星形成速率。我们研究了PDF对数正态峰中的扩散气体、幂律尾中的坍缩气体和恒星之间的质量传递。我们发现,在幂律尾部的质量分数是恒定的,这样,恒星形成的幂律气体在相同的速度,在对数正态部分的气体超越幂律。我们发现,湍流不提供显着的支持,在稠密的气体与幂律尾。当除了驱动湍流之外还包括外流和磁场时,从对数正态到幂律,然后到恒星的质量传递速率变得显着较慢,导致恒星形成速率较慢和耗尽时间较长。

英文摘要:

Using a suite of 3D hydrodynamical simulations of star-forming molecular clouds, we investigate how the density probability distribution function (PDF) changes when including gravity, turbulence, magnetic fields, and protostellar outflows and heating. We find that the density PDF is not lognormal when outflows and self-gravity are considered. Self-gravity produces a power-law tail at high densities and the inclusion of stellar feedback from protostellar outflows and heating produces significant time-varying deviations from a lognormal distribution at the low densities. The simulation with outflows has an excess of diffuse gas compared to the simulations without outflows, exhibits increased average sonic Mach number, and maintains a slower star formation rate over the entire duration of the run. We study the mass transfer between the diffuse gas in the lognormal peak of the PDF, the collapsing gas in the power-law tail, and the stars. We find that the mass fraction in the power-law tail is constant, such that the stars form out of the power-law gas at the same rate at which the gas from the lognormal part replenishes the power-law. We find that turbulence does not provide significant support in the dense gas associated with the power-law tail. When including outflows and magnetic fields in addition to driven turbulence, the rate of mass transfer from the lognormal to the power-law, and then to the stars, becomes significantly slower, resulting in slower star formation rates and longer depletion times.

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