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arXiv 2109.10909quant-phcond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-el
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利用超导量子处理器实现量子临界

Quantum criticality using a superconducting quantum processor

Maxime Dupont, Joel E. Moore

摘要:

量子临界性来自许多相互作用的量子粒子的集体行为,通常发生在物质的不同相态之间。它是凝聚态物理的基石之一,我们通过利用动态驱动现象在噪声中间尺度(NISQ)量子器件上访问它。我们通过Kibble-Zurek过程在可编程超导量子芯片上探测一维量子伊辛模型的临界性质,获得标度律,并估计临界指数,尽管硬件上的固有误差源。此外,我们还研究了NISQ计算机的改进(更多的量子比特,更少的噪声)将如何巩固这些通用物理特性的计算。一个单参数噪声模型捕捉的缺陷和再现的实验数据的影响。系统的研究表明,噪声,类似于温度,在系统中诱导一个新的长度尺度。我们介绍并成功地验证了修改后的标度律,直接占噪声没有任何先验知识。它使用于提取物理特性的数据分析对噪声透明。通过理解不完美的量子硬件如何修改物质的量子态的真实属性,我们大大增强了NISQ处理器的能力,以解决量子临界性和潜在的其他现象和算法。

英文摘要:

Quantum criticality emerges from the collective behavior of many interacting quantum particles, often at the transition between different phases of matter. It is one of the cornerstones of condensed matter physics, which we access on noisy intermediate-scale (NISQ) quantum devices by leveraging a dynamically driven phenomenon. We probe the critical properties of the one-dimensional quantum Ising model on a programmable superconducting quantum chip via a Kibble-Zurek process, obtain scaling laws, and estimate critical exponents despite inherent sources of errors on the hardware. In addition, we investigate how the improvement of NISQ computers (more qubits, less noise) will consolidate the computation of those universal physical properties. A one-parameter noise model captures the effect of imperfections and reproduces the experimental data. Its systematic study reveals that the noise, analogously to temperature, induces a new length scale in the system. We introduce and successfully verify modified scaling laws, directly accounting for the noise without any prior knowledge. It makes data analyses for extracting physical properties transparent to noise. By understanding how imperfect quantum hardware modifies the genuine properties of quantum states of matter, we enhance the power of NISQ processors considerably for addressing quantum criticality and potentially other phenomena and algorithms.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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