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arXiv 2109.09514gr-qc
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二阶微扰理论中的变形史瓦西视界:质量、几何与目的论

Deformed Schwarzschild horizons in second-order perturbation theory: mass, geometry, and teleology

Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学伯努利数学、计算机科学与人工智能研究所);School of Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre, University of Southampton(南安普顿大学数学科学学院和STAG研究中心);Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam(波茨坦大学物理与天文学研究所)

Riccardo Bonetto, Adam Pound, Zeyd Sam

AI总结:

以庞德等人计算受扰史瓦西黑洞视界面面积至二阶为起点,推导二阶微扰下史瓦西黑洞视界面和事件视界相关量的修正公式,发现两视界相似,事件视界目的论行为受抑,明确其在时间上的定位等重要特性。

摘要:

近年来,引力波天文学推动了对致密双星引力动力学进行更精确的微扰研究,进而能更详细地分析这些系统中的动态黑洞。例如,庞德等人最近计算了受轨道物体扰动的史瓦西黑洞视界面面积至双星质量比的二阶。本文以此为起点,全面研究二阶微扰下史瓦西黑洞的视界面和事件视界,推导了视界径向分布、表面积、霍金质量和固有曲率的一阶和二阶修正的通用公式。发现两个视界非常相似,事件视界的任何目的论行为都以多种方式受到抑制。关键是确定在所有阶次下,小质量比双星中的扰动事件视界在时间上有效定位。更明确地说,事件视界在一阶时与视界面相同,这意味着之前在线性扰动事件视界中观察到的看似目的论的“潮汐超前”并非真正源于目的论。两个视界在二阶时通常不同,但霍金质量相同,这意味着事件视界与视界面遵循相同的能量通量平衡定律。至少在双星系统中,即使在旋近后期它们的表面积差异也极小。在分析过程中,还通过数值说明了黑洞围绕双星质心运动中的令人困惑的行为。

英文摘要:

In recent years, gravitational-wave astronomy has motivated increasingly accurate perturbative studies of gravitational dynamics in compact binaries. This in turn has enabled more detailed analyses of the dynamical black holes in these systems. For example, Pound et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 021101 (2020)] recently computed the surface area of a Schwarzschild black hole's apparent horizon, perturbed by an orbiting body, to second order in the binary's mass ratio. In this paper, we take that as the starting point for a comprehensive study of a perturbed Schwarzschild black hole's apparent and event horizon at second perturbative order, deriving generic formulas for the first- and second-order corrections to the horizons' radial profiles, surface areas, Hawking masses, and intrinsic curvatures. We find that the two horizons are remarkably similar, and that any teleological behavior of the event horizon is suppressed in several ways. Critically, we establish that at all orders, the perturbed event horizon in a small-mass-ratio binary is effectively localized in time. Even more pointedly, the event horizon is identical to the apparent horizon at linear order regardless of the source of perturbation, implying that the seemingly teleological "tidal lead", previously observed in linearly perturbed event horizons, is not genuinely teleological in origin. The two horizons do generically differ at second order, but their Hawking masses remain identical, implying that the event horizon obeys the same energy-flux balance law as the apparent horizon. At least in the case of a binary system, the difference between their surface areas remains extremely small even in the late stages of inspiral. In the course of our analysis, we also numerically illustrate puzzling behaviour in the black hole's motion around the binary's center of mass.

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