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arXiv 2109.08752astro-ph.HE
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Blazar 4C +28.07的多波长观测

Multi-wavelength observations of the Blazar 4C +28.07

Davit Zargaryan, Jonathan Mackey, Thibault Barnouin, Felix Aharonian

摘要:

活动星系核4C +28.07是一个平谱射电类星体,是$γ$射线能量下最亮的类星体之一。通过分析$\sim12.3$年的$γ$ -射线波段的\textit{Fermi-LAT}数据和\textit{Swift-XRT/UVOT}现有的X射线和光-紫外波段的数据,我们研究了它的多波长发射。在$γ$射线波段,观测到了5个耀斑周期,在这5个耀斑周期中,与其平均静止期相比,通量急剧增加数倍(>5倍)。与耀斑时间近似同步地分析了\textit{Swift-XRT/UVOT}探测的X射线和UVOT数据。在其中一个最明亮的耀斑期间(耀斑5; 2018年10月12日观测到),$γ$射线通量达到$(6.7\pm0.81)\times 10^{-6}$光子/cm ^2/s($\sim31\times$高于12.3年的平均通量),探测意义为$σ=6.1$。这个耀斑的$γ$射线视光度相当于$3.6\times10^{49}$ erg/s(距离为8.38 Gpc),这是观测到的耀变体的最高$γ$射线光度之一.耀斑5有一个估计的$\sim2$小时时间块,它可以被认为是平均的$γ$射线变化时间.变化时间限制$γ$射线发射区域的大小为<9 e14 cm,这接近于黑洞半径。$\sim12.3$年数据的$γ$射线带的光谱能量分布(SED)显示,在$\sim14$ GeV处有一个早期截止;然而,超过$\sim60$ GeV,光谱变硬,并在高达$\sim316$ GeV处被检测到。类似的光谱行为也是值得注意的耀斑,这可以联系到光子吸收的发射区域的内部和外部的窄带辐射场的SED。考虑到4C 1 +28.07实验结果的重要性,我们将其与3C 1,279和M87实验结果进行了比较,以促进进一步的研究。

英文摘要:

The active galactic nucleus 4C +28.07 is a flat spectrum radio quasar, one of the brightest at $γ$-ray energies. We study its multi-wavelength emission by analysing $\sim12.3$ years of \textit{Fermi-LAT} data in the $γ$-ray band and \textit{Swift-XRT/UVOT} available data in X-ray and Optical-to-Ultraviolet bands. In the $γ$-ray band, five flaring periods have been detected, during which the flux dramatically increases by several times (>5) compared with its average quiescent phase. Quasi-simultaneously with the flaring times, the X-ray and UVOT data detected by \textit{Swift-XRT/UVOT} have also been analysed. In one of the brightest flare periods (Flare 5; observed on Oct 12, 2018) the $γ$-ray flux reached $(6.7\pm0.81)\times 10^{-6}$ photon/cm^2/s ($\sim31\times$ higher than the mean flux over 12.3 years) with detection significance of $σ=6.1$. The apparent $γ$-ray luminosity of this flaring corresponds to $3.6\times10^{49}$ erg/s (for a distance of 8.38 Gpc), one of the highest $γ$-ray luminosities observed for blazars. Flare 5 has an estimated $\sim2$ hours time block, which can be considered the average $γ$-ray variability time. The variability time constrains the $γ$-ray emitting region size to <9e14 cm, which is close to the black hole radius. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in the $γ$-ray band for the $\sim12.3$ years of data show an early cut-off at $\sim14$ GeV; beyond $\sim60$ GeV, however, the spectrum hardens and is detected up to $\sim316$ GeV. Similar spectral behaviour is also noticeable for the SEDs of flares, which can be linked to the photon absorption by the emitting region's internal and external narrow-band radiation fields. Considering the significance of the obtained results from 4C\,+28.07, we compared the parameters with 3C\,279 and M87, to motivate further studies.

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