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arXiv 2109.06248quant-phcs.ITmath.IT
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利用稳定码提取GHZ状态

Distilling GHZ States using Stabilizer Codes

Narayanan Rengaswamy, Ankur Raina, Nithin Raveendran, Bane Vasić

摘要:

纠缠蒸馏是量子信息中的一个研究得很好的问题,其中通常从$n$噪声贝尔对开始,并蒸馏出更高保真度的$k$贝尔对。虽然贝尔对的蒸馏是典型的设置,但重要的是要研究多体纠缠态的蒸馏,因为这些可以用于在量子网络上实现分布式算法。本文研究了利用量子纠错码实现GHZ态的蒸馏。使用稳定器形式主义,我们首先解释arXiv:0708.3699中基于QECC的Bell对蒸馏协议,该协议特别依赖于Bell状态中Alice和Bob量子位之间的转置对称性。扩展这个想法,我们表明,给定$n$ GHZ状态,对Alice的量子位执行矩阵相当于对Bob和Charlie的量子位执行矩阵转置的“扩展”版本。我们称这个映射到矩阵的拉伸版本的GHZ-映射,并证明它是一个代数同态。利用这个属性,我们表明,爱丽丝投影她的量子位到$[[n,k]]$稳定剂代码意味着同时投影鲍勃和查理的量子位到诱导$[[2n,k]]$稳定剂代码。在此基础上,我们开发了一个基于本地操作和经典通信的GHZ蒸馏协议,该协议使用任何稳定器代码。受GHZ状态稳定器测量的启发,我们还开发了一种新的算法来生成任何稳定器代码的逻辑泡利算子,并将其用于协议中。由于最近发现了具有有限速率和几乎线性最小距离的量子码,本文为高速率、高输出保真度的GHZ蒸馏铺平了道路。我们提供的$5$ -量子位完美的代码上的模拟结果,以强调在协议中的某个本地Clifford操作的位置的重要性。

英文摘要:

Entanglement distillation is a well-studied problem in quantum information, where one typically starts with $n$ noisy Bell pairs and distills $k$ Bell pairs of higher fidelity. While distilling Bell pairs is the canonical setting, it is important to study the distillation of multipartite entangled states because these can be useful for realizing distributed algorithms on quantum networks. In this paper, we study the distillation of GHZ states using quantum error correcting codes (QECCs). Using the stabilizer formalism, we begin by explaining the QECC-based Bell pair distillation protocol in arXiv:0708.3699, which relies particularly on the transpose symmetry between Alice's and Bob's qubits in Bell states. Extending this idea, we show that, given $n$ GHZ states, performing a matrix on Alice's qubits is equivalent to performing a "stretched" version of the transpose of the matrix on the qubits of Bob and Charlie. We call this mapping to the stretched version of the matrix the GHZ-map, and show that it is an algebra homomorphism. Using this property, we show that Alice projecting her qubits onto an $[[n,k]]$ stabilizer code implies the simultaneous projection of Bob's and Charlie's qubits onto an induced $[[2n,k]]$ stabilizer code. Guided by this insight, we develop a GHZ distillation protocol based on local operations and classical communication that uses any stabilizer code. Inspired by stabilizer measurements on GHZ states, we also develop a new algorithm to generate logical Pauli operators of any stabilizer code and use it in the protocol. Since quantum codes with finite rate and almost linear minimum distance have recently been discovered, this paper paves the way for high-rate high-output-fidelity GHZ distillation. We provide simulation results on the $5$-qubit perfect code to emphasize the importance of the placement of a certain local Clifford operation in the protocol.

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