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arXiv 2109.04827astro-ph.HE
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Schwarzschild度规中吸积流的偏振成像分析技术

Analytical techniques for polarimetric imaging of accretion flows in Schwarzschild metric

Vladislav Loktev, Alexandra Veledina, Juri Poutanen

摘要:

从致密天体(如中子星和黑洞)周围的吸积盘发出的辐射,预计会出现明显的极化现象。偏振可用于限制致密源的几何和物理参数-半径、质量和自旋-以及确定轨道参数。从圆盘最里面逃逸的辐射强烈地受到致密物体的引力场和物质的相对论速度的影响。观测到的偏振特征的直接计算涉及计算昂贵的射线跟踪技术。与此同时,鉴于目前通过事件视界望远镜观测到的M87中超大质量黑洞周围吸积流的图像,来自Sgr A* 的红外偏振特征,以及成像X射线偏振测量探测器和增强的X射线定时和偏振测量任务即将进行的X射线偏振测量,拥有用于直接数据拟合的快速计算程序变得越来越重要。本文给出了考虑光弯曲和相对论像差影响的史瓦西度规中偏振面旋转角的精确解析表达式。我们发现,所观察到的通量,偏振度和偏振角作为能量的函数的计算可以进行分析,具有高精度使用近似光弯曲公式,解除需要预先计算的表格模型在拟合例程。

英文摘要:

Emission from an accretion disc around compact objects, such as neutron stars and black holes, is expected to be significantly polarized. The polarization can be used to put constraints on geometrical and physical parameters of the compact sources -- their radii, masses and spins -- as well as to determine the orbital parameters. The radiation escaping from the innermost parts of the disc is strongly affected by the gravitational field of the compact object and relativistic velocities of the matter. The straightforward calculation of the observed polarization signatures involves computationally expensive ray-tracing technique. At the same time, having fast computational routines for direct data fitting becomes increasingly important in light of the currently observed images of the accretion flow around supermassive black hole in M87 by the Event Horizon Telescope, infrared polarization signatures coming from Sgr A*, as well as for the upcoming X-ray polarization measurements by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer and enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission. In this work, we obtain an exact analytical expression for the rotation angle of polarization plane in Schwarzschild metric accounting for the effects of light bending and relativistic aberration. We show that the calculation of the observed flux, polarization degree and polarization angle as a function of energy can be performed analytically with high accuracy using approximate light-bending formula, lifting the need for the pre-computed tabular models in fitting routines.

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