The physical properties of the accretion flow and of the X-ray emitting plasma, in supermassive black holes accreting at extreme Eddington rates, are still very unclear. Here we present the analysis of simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the hyper-Eddington Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 04416+1215, carried out in 2020. The main goal of these observations is to investigate the properties of the X-ray corona, as well as the structure of the accretion flow and of the circumnuclear environment, in this regime of extreme accretion. IRAS 04416+1215 has one of the highest Eddington ratio ($λ_{\rm Edd}\simeq 472$) in the local Universe. It shows an interesting spectral shape, very similar to the standard Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy's spectra, with the presence of multi-phase absorption structure composed of three phases, whose estimate of the minimum and maximum distances suggests two different interpretations, one consistent with the three X-ray winds being co-spatial, and possibly driven by magnetohydrodynamical processes, the other consistent with the multi-phase winds being also multi-scale. The X-ray spectrum of IRAS 04416+1215 also has a prominent soft excess component and a hard X-ray emission dominated by a reflection component. Moreover, our detailed spectral analysis shows that IRAS 04416+1215 has the lowest coronal temperature measured so far by NuSTAR ($kT_e=3-22$ keV, depending on the model). This is consistent with a hybrid coronal plasma, in which the primary continuum emission is driven by pair production due to high-energy tail of the energy distribution of non-thermal electrons.
X-ray fluorescence from super-Eddington accreting black holes
X射线混响已被证明是一种强有力的工具,能够探测致密物体周围吸积盘的最内部区域。目前的理论研究通常假设圆盘在几何上是薄的,光学上是厚的,并且以开普勒速度运行。因此,这些模型不能适用于系统的超爱丁顿吸积发生,因为薄盘近似失败,在这种吸积制度。此外,国家的最先进的数值模拟表明,光学厚风发射的超级爱丁顿吸积盘,从而改变了反射几何显着从薄盘图片。我们进行了理论研究这一主题的重点是铁K $α$荧光线产生的超爱丁顿磁盘,并表明,他们的线轮廓形状的漏斗几何形状和风加速度。我们还系统地比较了Fe线的轮廓从超爱丁顿厚磁盘薄磁盘,并发现前者更蓝移和对称的形状。这些结果与观测到的Fe K $α$线一致,该线来自喷射潮汐破裂事件Swift J1644,在该事件中,恒星碎片形成了瞬态的超爱丁顿吸积盘。因此,仔细分析的Fe K $α$线轮廓可以用来识别系统进行超爱丁顿吸积。
Rest-frame Optical Spectroscopy of $z \sim 2$ Quasars with Steep Hard X-ray Spectral Shapes: X-ray Selection of Super-Eddington Accretion and Verification
School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University(南京大学天文与空间科学学院);Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education(教育部现代天文与天体物理重点实验室(南京大学))
Super- and sub-Eddington accreting massive black holes: A comparison of slim and thin accretion discs through study of the spectral energy distribution
The case for super-Eddington accretion in JWST broad-line AGN during the first billion years
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(NASA戈达德太空飞行中心);Space Telescope Science Institute(空间望远镜科学研究所);Space Telescope Science Institute for the European Space Agency (ESA)(欧洲空间局空间望远镜科学研究所);The William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University(约翰霍普金斯大学威廉H·米勒三世物理与天文学系);Department of Astronomy, University of Washington(华盛顿大学天文学系);Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin(得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学系)
X-ray spectroscopic survey of highly-accreting AGN
由于大量的X射线光谱研究都集中在低爱丁顿比活动星系核上,因此有必要提高对高爱丁顿比活动星系核核性质的认识。本文介绍了用XMM-牛顿观测仪在$0.4\leq z \leq 0.75$观测到的14个射电宁静$λ_\mathrm{Edd}\gtrsim1$活动星系核的X射线谱分析。同时光学监测器观测的光学/紫外数据也被考虑在内。这些活动星系核被选择为具有相对较高的黑洞质量($M_\mathrm{BH}\sim10^{8-8.5}M_\odot$)和热光度($L_\mathrm{bol} \sim 10^{46}$ erg s $^{-1}$)值,以补充以前在较低$M_\mathrm{BH}$和$L_\mathrm{bol}$的高爱丁顿活动星系核的研究。研究了$λ_\mathrm{Edd}$与其他重要的X射线谱参数的关系,如幂律连续谱$Γ$的光子指数、X射线辐射热校正$k_\mathrm{bol,X}$和$α_\mathrm{ox}$。尽管这些高爱丁顿活动星系核具有均匀的光学和SMBH吸积性质,但其X射线性质却相当不均匀。我们测得的$Γ$值在1.3和2.5之间,这与先前报道的$Γ-λ_\mathrm{Edd}$关系的预期不一致,根据该关系,$Γ\geq2$将是活动星系核与$λ_\mathrm{Edd}\sim1$的普遍标志。我们发现这些源的$\sim30\%$的X射线很弱,在相似的紫外光度…
Investigating the origin of radio emission in candidate super-Eddington accreting black holes
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía(安达卢西亚天体物理研究所);Université Laval(拉瓦尔大学);Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio di Padova(意大利国家天文台帕多瓦观测站);European Southern Observatory (ESO)(欧洲南方天文台);Texas Tech University(德克萨斯理工大学);École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)(洛桑联邦理工学院);Università di Padova(帕多瓦大学);Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio di Cagliari(意大利国家天文台卡利亚里观测站);Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie(马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所)
Flagging Super-Eddington Candidates among Jetted, γ-Ray-Emitting AGN
Astronomical Observatory of Padova, National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)(帕多瓦天文台,意大利国家天体物理研究所);Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)(布雷拉天文台,意大利国家天体物理研究所)
The two Ultraluminous X-ray sources in the galaxy NGC 925
NGC 925 ULX-1和ULX-2是位于NGC 925中的两个超亮X射线源,距离为8.5 Mpc。这是我们第一次分析两个来源的高质量,同时XMM-Newton和NuSTAR数据。虽然乍一看ULX-1类似于一个中等质量的黑洞候选者(IMBH),因为它的高X射线光度($(2$ $-$ $4)\times10^{40}$ erg s $^{-1}$)和它的光谱/时间的特点,仔细检查表明,它的属性更类似于一个典型的超爱丁顿吸积恒星黑洞,我们将其归类为一个“加宽的光盘”超明亮的X射线源。基于这种光谱状态的物理解释,我们建议,ULX-1被认为是在小倾角,可能通过一个强大的风起源于吸积盘疏散锥。ULX-2的光谱分类是不太确定的,但我们不赞成IMBH吸积亚爱丁顿率,因为它的光谱/时间属性可以关联到银河系吸积黑洞二进制的软或硬状态。
Broad line region echo from highly accreting intermediate-mass black hole candidate SDSS J144850.08+160803.1. The first probe of intra-night variability and reverberation mapping
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Heidelberg University(海德堡大学);LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité(巴黎天文台LESIA实验室,巴黎文理研究大学,法国国家科学研究中心,索邦大学,巴黎西岱大学);Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State University(莫斯科罗蒙诺索夫国立大学斯特恩伯格天体研究所);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台)
Strong X-ray Variability of I Zwicky 1: Obscuration from Clumpy Accretion-Disk Winds
Nanjing University(南京大学);Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education(教育部现代天文与天体物理重点实验室(南京大学));The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学);Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学引力与宇宙学研究所);Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University(北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)(马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所)
You can't see me: Super-Eddington growth hindering X-ray detection in high-z broad-line active galactic nuclei
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学天文研究所);Como Lake Center for Astrophysics, DiSAT, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria(因苏布里亚大学DiSAT科莫湖天体物理学中心);INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca(意大利国家核物理研究院米兰-比可卡分校);INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文台);Center for Astrophysics and Space Science (CASS), New York University Abu Dhabi(纽约大学阿布扎比分校天体物理学与空间科学中心);INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera(意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台);Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁斯分校天文学与天体物理学系);Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca(米兰-比可卡大学G. Occhialini物理系)
The X-ray weakness of Little Red Dots and JWST-selected AGN: comparison with local AGN in different accretion regimes
INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);University of Geneva(日内瓦大学);Universidad Diego Portales(迭戈·波特莱斯大学);Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院高能物理研究所);Scuola Normale Superiore(比萨高等师范学院);Peking University(北京大学);Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik(德国马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所);University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);National Astronomical Observatory of China(中国国家天文台)