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arXiv 1904.12876astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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SDSS J075101 .42+291419.1:一个具有极强X射线变率的超爱丁顿吸积类星体

SDSS J075101.42+291419.1: A Super-Eddington Accreting Quasar with Extreme X-ray Variability

Hezhen Liu, B. Luo, W. N. Brandt, Michael S. Brotherton, Pu Du, S. C. Gallagher, Chen Hu, Ohad Shemmer, Jian-Min Wang

摘要:

我们报告了在一个1型类星体SDSS J $075101.42+291419.1$中发现的极端X射线变化。它有一个黑洞质量为$1.6\times 10^7~\rm M_\odot$测量混响映射(RM),黑洞吸积与超爱丁顿吸积率。它在2015年5月的XMM-牛顿观测显示,与2013年5月的斯威夫特观测相比,通量下降了$\sim 22$的一个因子,当时它显示了相对于紫外/光学发射的典型X射线发射水平。缺乏相关的UV可变性导致在低X射线通量状态下的-1.97的陡峭的X射线-光学幂律斜率($α_{\rm OX}$),对应于相对于其UV/光学光度在静止帧2 keV下的36.2的X射线弱化因子。温和的紫外/光学连续谱和发射线的变化也表明吸积率没有显着变化。用银河系吸收修正的单一幂律模型较好地描述了X射线观测的$0.3-10$ keV谱。光谱拟合揭示了$Γ\approx3$的陡峭光谱形状。我们在文献中寻找具有这种极端X射线变率的活动星系核,发现它们大多是具有高吸积率的窄线Seyfert 1星系和类星体。在超爱丁顿吸积活动星系核中,极X射线变天体所占的比例估计为$\approx 15-24\%$。我们讨论了两种可能的情况下,磁盘反射和部分覆盖吸收,解释极端的X射线变化的SDSS J $075101.42+291419.1$。我们提出了部分覆盖吸收体的一个可能的起源,这是厚的内吸积盘及其相关的高吸积率活动星系核流出。

英文摘要:

We report the discovery of extreme X-ray variability in a type 1 quasar: SDSS J$075101.42+291419.1$. It has a black hole mass of $1.6\times 10^7~\rm M_\odot$ measured from reverberation mapping (RM), and the black hole is accreting with a super-Eddington accretion rate. Its XMM-Newton observation in 2015 May reveals a flux drop by a factor of $\sim 22$ with respect to the Swift observation in 2013 May when it showed a typical level of X-ray emission relative to its UV/optical emission. The lack of correlated UV variability results in a steep X-ray-to-optical power-law slope ($α_{\rm OX}$) of -1.97 in the low X-ray flux state, corresponding to an X-ray weakness factor of 36.2 at rest-frame 2 keV relative to its UV/optical luminosity. The mild UV/optical continuum and emission-line variability also suggest that the accretion rate did not change significantly. A single power-law model modified by Galactic absorption describes well the $0.3-10$ keV spectra of the X-ray observations in general. The spectral fitting reveals steep spectral shapes with $Γ\approx3$. We search for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with such extreme X-ray variability in the literature and find that most of them are narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars with high accretion rates. The fraction of extremely X-ray variable objects among super-Eddington accreting AGNs is estimated to be $\approx 15-24\%$. We discuss two possible scenarios, disk reflection and partial covering absorption, to explain the extreme X-ray variability of SDSS J$075101.42+291419.1$. We propose a possible origin for the partial covering absorber, which is the thick inner accretion disk and its associated outflow in AGNs with high accretion rates.

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