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arXiv 2108.12474astro-ph.GA
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用矮星系作运动学示踪物估算星系质量

Galactic Mass Estimates using Dwarf Galaxies as Kinematic Tracers

Anika Slizewski, Xander Dufresne, Keslen Murdock, Gwendolyn Eadie, Robyn Sanderson, Andrew Wetzel, Mario Juric

摘要:

新的质量估计和累积质量分布与贝叶斯可信区域(c.r.)银河系(MW)的发现使用银河系质量估计(GME)代码和矮星系(DG)的运动学数据从多个来源。GME采用分层贝叶斯方法同时估计DG的真实位置和速度,它们的速度各向异性,以及银河系总引力势的模型参数。在这项研究中,我们将有意义的先验信息从过去的研究和模拟。物理模型的先验分布来自Eadie & Juric(2019)的结果,该结果使用球状星团代替DG,以及来自真实环境反馈-2(火-2)宇宙学模拟的Ananke Gaia类巡天的次晕分布(参见Sanderson et al. 2020)。使用超过45 kpc的DG,我们报告了$r_{200}$ = 212.8(191.12,238.44)kpc和总封闭质量$M_{200}$ = 1.19(0.87,1.68)$\times10^{12}M_{\odot}$(采用$Δ_c=200$)的中位数和95% c.r估计值。还报告了特定半径处的中值质量估计(例如,$M(<50\text{ kpc})=0.52\times10^{12}M_{\odot}$和$M(100\text{ kpc})=0.78\times10^{12}M_{\odot}$)。估计值与最近使用GAIA DR 2和DG的其他研究相当,但与Eadie & Juric(2019)的估计值明显不同。我们进行了敏感性分析,以调查是否个别DG和/或更大规模的大麦云(LMC)的顺序$10^{11}M_{\odot}$可能会影响我们的质量估计。我们发现可能的支持证据的想法,一些DG是由一个大规模的LMC的影响,并没有在与MW平衡。

英文摘要:

New mass estimates and cumulative mass profiles with Bayesian credible regions (c.r.) for the Milky Way (MW) are found using the Galactic Mass Estimator (GME) code and dwarf galaxy (DG) kinematic data from multiple sources. GME takes a hierarchical Bayesian approach to simultaneously estimate the true positions and velocities of the DGs, their velocity anisotropy, and the model parameters for the Galaxy's total gravitational potential. In this study, we incorporate meaningful prior information from past studies and simulations. The prior distributions for the physical model are informed by the results of Eadie & Juric (2019), which used globular clusters instead of DGs, as well as by the subhalo distributions of the Ananke Gaia-like surveys from Feedback In Realistic Environments-2 (Fire-2) cosmological simulations (see Sanderson et al. 2020). Using DGs beyond 45 kpc, we report median and 95% c.r estimates for $r_{200}$ = 212.8 (191.12,238.44) kpc, and for the total enclosed mass $M_{200}$ = 1.19 (0.87,1.68)$\times10^{12}M_{\odot}$ (adopting $Δ_c=200$). Median mass estimates at specific radii are also reported (e.g., $M(<50\text{ kpc})=0.52\times10^{12}M_{\odot}$ and $M(100\text{ kpc})=0.78\times10^{12}M_{\odot}$). Estimates are comparable to other recent studies using GAIA DR2 and DGs, but notably different from the estimates of Eadie & Juric (2019). We perform a sensitivity analysis to investigate whether individual DGs and/or a more massive Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) on the order of $10^{11}M_{\odot}$ may be affecting our mass estimates. We find possible supporting evidence for the idea that some DGs are affected by a massive LMC and are not in equilibrium with the MW.

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