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arXiv 2108.11273cond-mat.stat-mech
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Kosterlitz无相变相变的标度理论

Scaling Theories of Kosterlitz-Thouless Phase Transitions

Zhiyao Zuo, Shuai Yin, Xuanmin Cao, Fan Zhong

摘要:

我们提出了Kosterlitz无(KT)相变的相关长度的标志性指数增长的基础上的标度理论。研究了有限尺寸标度、有限纠缠标度、短时临界动力学和有限时间标度以及它们的组合。考虑了通常幂律和具有对数因子的非寻常幂律的弛豫时间。量子尺寸和有限纠缠标度形式在某种程度上类似于一个经常使用的anomaly。详细研究了线性驱动穿越KT转变点时拓扑缺陷密度的Kibble-Zurek标度。推导出了理论中速率指数的隐式表达式,其速率指数随离临界点的距离和驱动速率而变化,与实验结果一致。为了验证理论,我们利用一维玻色-哈伯德模型的KT相变。无限时间演化分块抽取算法被用来数值求解有限键尺寸的模型。计算了虚时的关联长度和纠缠熵,实时驱动时只计算了纠缠熵。无论是在虚时间的短时间临界动力学和实时驱动的有限时间标度,都包括有限的键尺寸,为测量量被发现描述的数值结果相当好,通过表面塌陷。根据标度形式,在无限键维下,估计并证实了临界点为$0.302(1)$。

英文摘要:

We propose scaling theories for Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) phase transitions on the basis of the hallmark exponential growth of their correlation length. Finite-size scaling, finite-entanglement scaling, short-time critical dynamics, and finite-time scaling, as well as some of their combinations are studied. Relaxation times of both a usual power-law and an unusual power-law with a logarithmic factor are considered. Finite-size and finite-entanglement scaling forms somehow similar to a frequently employed ansatz are presented. The Kibble-Zurek scaling of topological defect density for a linear driving across the KT transition point is investigated in detail. An implicit equation for a rate exponent in the theory is derived and the exponent varies with the distance from the critical point and the driving rate consistent with relevant experiments. To verify the theories, we utilize the KT phase transition of a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. The infinite time-evolving-block-decimation algorithm is employed to solve numerically the model for finite bond dimensions. Both a correlation length and an entanglement entropy in imaginary time and only the entanglement entropy in real-time driving are computed. Both the short-time critical dynamics in imaginary time and the finite-time scaling in real-time driving, both including the finite bond dimension, for the measured quantities are found to describe the numerical results quite well via surface collapses. The critical point is also estimated and confirmed to be $0.302(1)$ at the infinite bond dimension on the basis of the scaling form.

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