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arXiv 2108.10862math.AP
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具有混合非线性的空间周期反应扩散系统解的传播动力学

Propagation dynamics of solutions to spatially periodic reaction-diffusion systems with hybrid nonlinearity

Quentin Griette, Hiroshi Matano

摘要:

本文研究了一类空间周期反应扩散系统的动力学性质,其反应项具有混合性质,即依赖于解的值,它们是部分竞争的,部分合作的.这类问题包括各种生物学相关的模型,特别是许多专注于物种达尔文进化的模型。首先研究了相应的微分算子的主特征值,建立了线性单调系统的最小速度公式。特别地,我们证明了当反应矩阵不对称时,广义Dirichlet主特征值和周期主特征值可能不重合,这与标量方程的情形形成了鲜明的对比.我们建立了一个充分条件,在此条件下两个概念成立。我们还表明,传播速度可能是不同的传播方向,即使在没有一阶平流项,再次与标量方程形成鲜明对比。接下来,我们揭示了前传播的触发属性和周期性主特征值的符号之间的关系。最后讨论了传播速度的线性决定性,并证明了存在速度大于最小速度的行波。我们将我们的结果应用到一类重要的遗传突变的流行病学模型。

英文摘要:

In this paper we investigate the dynamical properties of a spatially periodic reaction-diffusion system {whose reaction terms are of hybrid nature in the sense that they are partly competitive and partly cooperative depending on the value of the solution. This class of problems includes various biologically relevant models and in particular many models focusing on the Darwinian evolution of species. We start by studying the principal eigenvalue of the associated differential operator and establishing a minimal speed formula for linear monotone systems. In particular, we show that the generalized Dirichlet principal eigenvalue and the periodic principal eigenvalue may not coincide when the reaction matrix is not symmetric, in sharp contrast with the case of scalar equations. We establish a sufficient condition under which equality holds for the two notions. We also show that the propagation speed may be different depending on the direction of propagation, even in the absence of a first-order advection term, again in a sharp contrast with scalar equations. Next we reveal the relation between the hair-trigger property of front propagation and the sign of the periodic principal eigenvalue. Finally, we discuss the linear determinacy of the propagation speed and also establish the existence of travelling waves travelling whose speeds greater than the minimal speed is also proved. We apply our results to an important class of epidemiological models with genetic mutations.

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