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arXiv 2108.07527astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IMhep-ex
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空气簇射模拟中μ介子数的重新标度

Muon number rescaling in simulations of air showers

Dariusz Góra, Nataliia Borodai, Ralph Engel, Tanguy Pierog, Jan Pękala, Markus Roth, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Michael Unger, Darko Veberic, Henryk Wilczyński

摘要:

使用LHC调谐的强子相互作用模型(如EPOS-LHC和QGSJetII-04)预测的广泛空气簇射中的μ子数量小于领先的宇宙线实验记录的簇射中观察到的数量。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的方法来获得μ子重标度因子通过分析模拟阵雨的重建。所使用的z变量(探测器中初始模拟和重建的总信号的差异)与μ子信号有关,大致与天顶角无关,但取决于初级宇宙射线的质量。该方法的性能进行了测试,使用Monte Carlo簇射模拟的混合探测器的皮埃尔俄歇天文台。有一个单独的z值从每个模拟的混合事件,相应的信号在1000米从淋浴轴,并使用模拟淋浴的μ子分数的参数化,我们可以计算的μ子信号的乘法重新缩放参数在地面探测器,即使是一个单独的事件。我们还可以研究它作为天顶角和初级宇宙线质量的函数的依赖性。这不仅提供了一种可能性,以测试/校准的强子相互作用模型,但也得到的$β$指数,描述的μ子的数量增加作为一个函数的初级能量和宇宙射线的质量。详细的模拟显示了$β$指数对强子相互作用性质的依赖性,因此确定这个参数对于理解μ子亏损问题是很重要的。

英文摘要:

The number of muons in extensive air showers predicted using LHC-tuned hadronic interaction models, such as EPOS-LHC and QGSJetII-04, is smaller than observed in showers recorded by leading cosmic ray experiments. In this paper, we present a new method to derive muon rescaling factors by analyzing reconstructions of simulated showers. The z-variable used (difference of initially simulated and reconstructed total signal in detectors) is connected to the muon signal and is roughly independent of the zenith angle but depends on the mass of primary cosmic ray. The performance of the method is tested using Monte Carlo shower simulations for the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Having an individual z-value from each simulated hybrid event, the corresponding signal at 1000 m from the shower axis, and using a parametrization of the muon fraction in simulated showers, we can calculate the multiplicative rescaling parameters of the muon signals in the ground detector even for an individual event. We can also study its dependence as a function of zenith angle and the mass of primary cosmic ray. This gives a possibility not only to test/calibrate the hadronic interaction models, but also to derive the $β$-exponent, describing an increase of the number of muons as a function of primary energy and mass of the cosmic ray. Detailed simulations show dependence of the $β$-exponent on hadronic interaction properties, thus the determination of this parameter is important for understanding the muon deficit problem.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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