广泛空气簇射的μ子横向分布函数：悉尼大学巨型空气簇射记录器与现代蒙特卡罗模拟的结果
Muon lateral distribution function of extensive air showers: results of the Sydney University Giant Air-shower Recorder versus modern Monte-Carlo simulations
摘要：
悉尼大学的巨型空气簇射记录仪（SUGAR）用一组独特的μ子探测器测量了大量空气簇射的μ子成分。SUGAR数据使我们能够重建μ介子密度对距离簇射轴的距离的经验依赖性，即横向分布函数（LDF）。我们将这个函数的形状与强子相互作用模型QGSJET-II-04和EPOS-LHC在10^17.6 - 10^18.6 eV能量范围内的预测进行了比较。我们发现观测数据和模拟之间的差异：观测到的μ子密度下降更快的核心距离的增加比它在模拟中预测。这一观察可能是重要的解释能量依赖的差异，在模拟和观察到的空气淋浴中的μ子的数量，被称为“μ子过剩”。
英文摘要：
The Sydney University Giant Air-shower Recorder (SUGAR) measured the muon component of extensive air showers with a unique array of muon detectors. The SUGAR data allow us to reconstruct the empirical dependence of muon density on the distance from the axis of the shower, the lateral distribution function (LDF). We compare the shape of this function with the predictions of hadronic-interaction models, QGSJET-II-04 and EPOS-LHC, in the energy range 10^17.6 - 10^18.6 eV. We find a difference between the observed data and the simulation: the observed muon density falls faster with the increased core distance than it is predicted in simulations. This observation may be important for interpretation of the energy-dependent discrepancies in the simulated and observed numbers of muons in air showers, known as the "muon excess".
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