天体生物学适居性模型
Habitability Models for Astrobiology
摘要：
适居性通常被定义为环境支持生命的能力。40多年来，生态学家一直在使用生境适宜性模型（HSMs）来研究从局部到全球尺度的地球宜居性。一段时间以来，天体生物学家一直在提出不同的可居住性模型，它们之间缺乏整合性和一致性，在功能上与生态学家所使用的模型不同。可居住性模型不仅用于确定环境是否适合居住，而且还用于描述从低到高可居住性状态逐渐过渡的关键因素。在这里，我们回顾和比较一些不同的模型使用的生态学家和天体生物学家，并建议如何将它们整合到新的可居住性标准。这些标准将有助于改善潜在可居住环境的比较和表征，优先考虑目标选择，并研究可居住性和生物特征之间的相关性。适居性模型是行星适居性科学的基础，生态学家和天体生物学家之间的协同作用对于扩大我们对地球、太阳系和太阳系外行星的适居性的理解是必要的。
英文摘要：
Habitability has been generally defined as the capability of an environment to support life. Ecologists have been using Habitat Suitability Models (HSMs) for more than four decades to study the habitability of Earth from local to global scales. Astrobiologists have been proposing different habitability models for some time, with little integration and consistency among them, being different in function to those used by ecologists. Habitability models are not only used to determine if environments are habitable or not, but they also are used to characterize what key factors are responsible for the gradual transition from low to high habitability states. Here we review and compare some of the different models used by ecologists and astrobiologists and suggest how they could be integrated into new habitability standards. Such standards will help to improve the comparison and characterization of potentially habitable environments, prioritize target selections, and study correlations between habitability and biosignatures. Habitability models are the foundation of planetary habitability science and the synergy between ecologists and astrobiologists is necessary to expand our understanding of the habitability of Earth, the Solar System, and extrasolar planets.
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