通过更好地了解地球最早的环境来限制生物前化学
Constraining Prebiotic Chemistry Through a Better Understanding of Earth's Earliest Environments
摘要：
任何对地球以外现在或过去生命的探索都应该考虑可能导致其开始的初始过程和相关的环境控制。就像在地球上一样，这样的理解远远超出了简单的有机分子如何成为生命中更复杂的生物分子，因为它还必须包括关键的环境因素，这些因素允许，调节，最关键的是促进了生命出现的前生物途径。此外，我们要问的是，部分由液态水的存在所定义的可居住性是如何维持的，从而使生命能够持续并进化到塑造自己环境的地步。研究人员通过复杂的分析和计算技术，成功地探索了过去几十亿年来地球共同进化环境和生物圈的许多章节，这些发现深刻地影响了对地球以外生命的探索。然而，尽管经过了几十年的研究，但在我们星球历史的最初数亿年里，生命的起源在很大程度上仍然是未知的。这份报告集中在一个关键点上：地球上生命出现的最早阶段与我们最早环境中不断演变的化学和物理条件密切相关。然而，对这种关系的严格的跨学科理解尚未得到充分探索，一旦更好地理解，将为我们寻找地球以外的生命提供信息。通过这种方式，生命出现的研究必须成为一个真正的跨学科的努力，需要一个混合，扩大了传统的平台，生物化学，包括地球化学家，大气化学家，地质学家和地球物理学家，天文学家，任务科学家和工程师，和天体生物学家。
英文摘要：
Any search for present or past life beyond Earth should consider the initial processes and related environmental controls that might have led to its start. As on Earth, such an understanding lies well beyond how simple organic molecules become the more complex biomolecules of life, because it must also include the key environmental factors that permitted, modulated, and most critically facilitated the prebiotic pathways to life's emergence. Moreover, we ask how habitability, defined in part by the presence of liquid water, was sustained so that life could persist and evolve to the point of shaping its own environment. Researchers have successfully explored many chapters of Earth's coevolving environments and biosphere spanning the last few billion years through lenses of sophisticated analytical and computational techniques, and the findings have profoundly impacted the search for life beyond Earth. Yet life's very beginnings during the first hundreds of millions of years of our planet's history remain largely unknown--despite decades of research. This report centers on one key point: that the earliest steps on the path to life's emergence on Earth were tied intimately to the evolving chemical and physical conditions of our earliest environments. Yet, a rigorous, interdisciplinary understanding of that relationship has not been explored adequately and once better understood will inform our search for life beyond Earth. In this way, studies of the emergence of life must become a truly interdisciplinary effort, requiring a mix that expands the traditional platform of prebiotic chemistry to include geochemists, atmospheric chemists, geologists and geophysicists, astronomers, mission scientists and engineers, and astrobiologists.
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