行星科学适居性模型
Habitability Models for Planetary Sciences
摘要：
适居性通常被定义为环境支持生命的能力。40多年来，生态学家一直在使用生境适宜性模型（HSMs）来研究从局部到全球尺度的地球宜居性。一段时间以来，天体生物学家一直在提出不同的可居住性模型，它们之间几乎没有整合和一致性，并且与生态学家使用的模型在功能上不同。在本白皮书中，我们提出了一个质能适居性模型，作为如何将生态学家使用的模型适应和扩展到天体生物学领域的一个例子。我们建议将这些模型实施到NASA的可居住性标准（NHS）中，以标准化行星任务的可居住性目标。这些标准将有助于比较和描述潜在的可居住环境，优先考虑目标选择，并研究可居住性和生物特征之间的相关性。适居性模型是行星适居性科学的基础。生态学家和天体生物学家使用的方法之间的协同作用将有助于整合和扩大我们对地球，太阳系和系外行星的可居住性的理解。
英文摘要：
Habitability has been generally defined as the capability of an environment to support life. Ecologists have been using Habitat Suitability Models (HSMs) for more than four decades to study the habitability of Earth from local to global scales. Astrobiologists have been proposing different habitability models for some time, with little integration and consistency between them and different in function to those used by ecologists. In this white paper, we suggest a mass-energy habitability model as an example of how to adapt and expand the models used by ecologists to the astrobiology field. We propose to implement these models into a NASA Habitability Standard (NHS) to standardize the habitability objectives of planetary missions. These standards will help to compare and characterize potentially habitable environments, prioritize target selections, and study correlations between habitability and biosignatures. Habitability models are the foundation of planetary habitability science. The synergy between the methods used by ecologists and astrobiologists will help to integrate and expand our understanding of the habitability of Earth, the Solar System, and exoplanets.
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