arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 2108.04419astro-ph.EP
收藏

温带和富气系外行星的光化学和光谱特征

Photochemistry and Spectral Characterization of Temperate and Gas-Rich Exoplanets

Renyu Hu

摘要:

太阳系外行星的恒星辐照度大约等于或小于地球的恒星辐照度已经被发现,其中许多行星都适合进行光谱表征。在这里,我们专注于温带行星,有大量的H2占主导地位的大气,并跟踪的化学反应和运输后的H2O,CH 4,NH3,和H2S的光解,与K2-18 b,PH 2 b和开普勒-167 e代表温带/冷行星周围的M和G/K恒星。我们发现,NH3可能是耗尽的光分解的云甲板上的行星周围的G/K星,但保持完整的中间大气层的行星周围的M星。在温带行星上的一个常见现象是,在CH 4存在下,NH3的光解导致HCN作为主要的光化学产物。CH_4与H_2O一起光解生成CO和CO_2,烃类的合成受到抑制。具有超太阳大气金属丰度和可观内部热量的温带行星可能含有来自内部的额外CO和CO2以及较少的NH3,从而较少的HCN。我们的K2-18 b模型可以解释哈勃测量的透射光谱,并表明未来在0.5-5.0 μ m的观测将提供检测平衡气体CH 4,H2O和NH 3,光化学气体HCN以及CO2的灵敏度。因此,温带和富含H2的系外行星是大气化学的实验室,在太阳系中没有发现的制度下运行,这些行星在过境或反射星光时的光谱特征有望大大扩展在系外行星大气中检测到的分子类型。

英文摘要:

Exoplanets that receive stellar irradiance of approximately Earth's or less have been discovered and many are suitable for spectral characterization. Here we focus on the temperate planets that have massive H2-dominated atmospheres, and trace the chemical reactions and transport following the photodissociation of H2O, CH4, NH3, and H2S, with K2-18 b, PH2 b, and Kepler-167 e representing temperate/cold planets around M and G/K stars. We find that NH3 is likely depleted by photodissociation to the cloud deck on planets around G/K stars but remains intact in the middle atmosphere of planets around M stars. A common phenomenon on temperate planets is that the photodissociation of NH3 in presence of CH4 results in HCN as the main photochemical product. The photodissociation of CH4 together with H2O leads to CO and CO2, and the synthesis of hydrocarbon is suppressed. Temperate planets with super-solar atmospheric metallicity and appreciable internal heat may have additional CO and CO2 from the interior and less NH3 and thus less HCN. Our models of K2-18 b can explain the transmission spectrum measured by Hubble, and indicate that future observations in 0.5-5.0 um would provide the sensitivity to detect the equilibrium gases CH4, H2O, and NH3, the photochemical gas HCN, as well as CO2 in some cases. Temperate and H2-rich exoplanets are thus laboratories of atmospheric chemistry that operate in regimes not found in the Solar System, and spectral characterization of these planets in transit or reflected starlight promises to greatly expand the types of molecules detected in exoplanet atmospheres.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑