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arXiv 2108.02590cs.RO
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REAL:利用无人机进行大规模三维测绘的主动闭环快速勘探

REAL: Rapid Exploration with Active Loop-Closing toward Large-Scale 3D Mapping using UAVs

KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)(韩国科学技术院)

Eungchang Mason Lee, Junho Choi, Hyungtae Lim, Hyun Myung

摘要:

在不与障碍物碰撞的情况下探索未知环境是自动驾驶车辆执行各种任务的基本要素之一,例如结构检查,救援,交付等。因此,快速、敏捷且具有高自由度的无人机(UAV)已经被广泛使用。然而,以前的方法有两个局限性:a)首先,它们可能不适合探索大规模环境,因为它们主要依赖于基于随机采样的路径规划,这会导致不必要的移动。b)其次,他们假设姿态估计足够准确,这是获得准确地图的最关键因素。为了快速、准确地探测和绘制未知大规模环境,提出了一种新的探测方法,该方法将预先计算的孔雀轨迹与基于图的全局探测和主动闭环相结合。由于采用了考虑无人机运动学的两步轨迹,因此可以保证以滚动时域的方式避障。此外,考虑边界的局部探索和基于图的全局探索通过最小化不必要的重访来最大化探索的速度。此外,通过基于似然性主动地闭合环路,姿态估计性能得到改善。所提出的方法的性能进行了验证,通过探索与国家的最先进的方法相比,三维仿真环境。最后,在一个真实世界的实验中,所提出的方法进行了验证。

英文摘要:

Exploring an unknown environment without colliding with obstacles is one of the essentials of autonomous vehicles to perform diverse missions such as structural inspections, rescues, deliveries, and so forth. Therefore, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are fast, agile, and have high degrees of freedom, have been widely used. However, previous approaches have two limitations: a) First, they may not be appropriate for exploring large-scale environments because they mainly depend on random sampling-based path planning that causes unnecessary movements. b) Second, they assume the pose estimation is accurate enough, which is the most critical factor in obtaining an accurate map. In this paper, to explore and map unknown large-scale environments rapidly and accurately, we propose a novel exploration method that combines the pre-calculated Peacock Trajectory with graph-based global exploration and active loop-closing. Because the two-step trajectory that considers the kinodynamics of UAVs is used, obstacle avoidance is guaranteed in the receding-horizon manner. In addition, local exploration that considers the frontier and global exploration based on the graph maximizes the speed of exploration by minimizing unnecessary revisiting. In addition, by actively closing the loop based on the likelihood, pose estimation performance is improved. The proposed method's performance is verified by exploring 3D simulation environments in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods. Finally, the proposed approach is validated in a real-world experiment.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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