Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets have recently drawn extensive attention, and here we study the electronic structure and magnetic properties of the bulk and monolayer of CrSBr, using first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that bulk CrSBr is a magnetic semiconductor and has the easy magnetization b-axis, hard c-axis, and intermediate a-axis. Thus, the experimental triaxial magnetic anisotropy (MA) is well reproduced here, and it is identified to be the joint effects of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. We find that bulk CrSBr has a strong ferromagnetic (FM) intralayer coupling but a marginal interlayer one. We also study CrSBr monolayer in detail and find that the intralayer FM exchange persists and the shape anisotropy has a more pronounced contribution to the MA. Using the parameters of the FM exchange and the triaxial MA, our Monte Carlo simulations show that CrSBr monolayer has Curie temperature Tc = 175 K. Moreover, we find that a uniaxial tensile (compressive) strain along the a (b) axis would further increase the Tc.
CrSBr is an air-stable 2D van der Waals semiconducting magnet with great technological promise, but its atomic-scale magnetic interactions -- crucial information for high-frequency switching -- are poorly understood. We present an experimental study to determine the CrSBr magnetic exchange Hamiltonian and bulk magnon spectrum. We confirm the $A$-type antiferromagnetic order using single crystal neutron diffraction. We also measure the magnon dispersions using inelastic neutron scattering and rigorously fit the excitation modes to a spin wave model. The magnon spectrum is well described by an i…
We report measurements of antiferromagnetic resonances in the van der Waals easy-axis antiferromagnet CrSBr. The interlayer exchange field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields are comparable to laboratory magnetic fields, allowing a rich variety of gigahertz-frequency dynamical modes to be accessed. By mapping the resonance frequencies as a function of the magnitude and angle of applied magnetic field we identify the different regimes of antiferromagnetic dynamics. The spectra show good agreement with a Landau-Lifshitz model for two antiferromagnetically-coupled sublattices, accounting for…
The recent discovery of two-dimensional (2D) magnets offers unique opportunities for the experimental exploration of low-dimensional magnetism4 and the magnetic proximity effects, and for the development of novel magnetoelectric, magnetooptic and spintronic devices. These advancements call for 2D materials with diverse magnetic structures as well as effective probes for their magnetic symmetries, which is key to understanding intralayer magnetic order and interlayer magnetic coupling. Here we apply second harmonic generation (SHG), a technique acutely sensitive to symmetry breaking, to probe t…
Excitonic fingerprints of magnetic configurations and switching in multilayer CrSBr
Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学凝聚态物理研究所）；Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague（布拉格化学技术大学无机化学系）
Detecting Magnetic Phase Transitions in Ion-Irradiated CrSBr Through Resonant Raman Scattering
Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学凝聚态物理研究所）；Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague（布拉格化学技术大学无机化学系）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research（德累斯顿罗森多夫亥姆霍兹中心离子束物理与材料研究所）
The recent isolation of two-dimensional (2D) magnets offers tantalizing opportunities for spintronics and magnonics at the limit of miniaturization. One of the key advantages of atomically-thin materials is their outstanding deformation capacity, which provides an exciting avenue to control their properties by strain engineering. Herein, we investigate the magnetic properties, magnon dispersion and spin dynamics of the air-stable 2D magnetic semiconductor CrSBr ($T_C$ = 146 K) under mechanical strain using first-principles calculations. Our results provide a deep microscopic analysis of the co…
Bulk and surface excitons in the van der Waals magnet CrSBr: Magneto-optical studies to 55 tesla
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory（国家强磁场实验室，洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室）；Kyung Hee University（庆熙大学）；University of Chemistry and Technology Prague（布拉格化工大学）；Graduate Center of the City University of New York（纽约市立大学研究生院）
Ferromagnetism above 200 K in organic-ion intercalated CrSBr
CIC nanoGUNE（纳米技术联合研究中心）；UPV/EHU（巴斯克地区理工大学）；CSIC-UPV/EHU（西班牙国家科研委员会-巴斯克地区理工大学）；Izmir Institute of Technology（伊兹密尔理工大学）；IKERBASQUE（伊克尔巴斯基奎基金会）；Universitat de València（瓦伦西亚大学）
Electric-field-driven magnetic switching and tightly bound interlayer excitons in bilayer CrSBr
Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学物理学院）；School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University（武汉大学物理科学与技术学院）；National Institute for Material Science（日本国立材料研究所）
The van der Waals material CrSBr stands out as a promising two-dimensional magnet. Especially, its high magnetic ordering temperature and versatile magneto-transport properties make CrSBr an important candidate for new devices in the emergent field of two-dimensional magnetic materials. To date, the magnetic and structural properties of CrSBr have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report on the detailed temperature-dependent magnetic and structural properties of this material, by comprehensively combining neutron scattering, muon spin relaxation spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, a…
Element-Specific Visualization of Layer-Parity and Twist-Dependent Magnetism in CrSBr
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie（柏林亥姆霍兹材料与能源中心）；Indian Institute of Technology Ropar（印度理工学院罗帕尔分校）；The University of Texas at Dallas（德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校）
研究 CrSBr 中层奇偶性和扭曲相关磁性，利用 X 射线磁圆二色性和线性二色性结合光发射电子显微镜解析其磁序，揭示纳米尺度磁结构及相关依赖性，还发现正交扭曲双层结构磁易轴的不同，为莫尔磁性开辟新途径。
Exciton-polariton condensate in the van der Waals magnet CrSBr
Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg（奥尔登堡卡尔·冯·奥西茨基大学）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；Xiamen University Malaysia（厦门大学马来西亚分校）；Beijing University of Technology（北京工业大学）；Technion-Israel Institute of Technology（以色列理工学院）；Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology（广东以色列理工学院）；Friedrich Schiller University Jena（耶拿弗里德里希·席勒大学）；Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF（弗劳恩霍夫应用光学和精密工程研究所）；Max Planck School of Photonics（马克斯·普朗克光子学校）；University of Chemistry and Technology Prague（布拉格化学技术大学）；University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学）
Two-dimensional van der Waals Janus materials and their heterostructures offer fertile platforms for designing fascinating functionalities. Here, by means of systematic first-principles studies on van der Waals Janus monolayer Cr-based dichalcogenide halides CrYX (Y=S, Se, Te; X=Cl, Br, I), we find that CrSX (X=Cl, Br, I) are the very desirable high TC ferromagnetic semiconductors with an out-of-plane magnetization. Excitingly, by the benefit of the large magnetic moments on ligand S2- anions, the sought-after large-gap quantum anomalous Hall effect and sizable valley splitting can be achieved…
Layer- and Field-Dependent Magnetic Order in 2D CrSBr Revealed by Pulsed Nanocalorimetry
Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST（加泰罗尼亚纳米科学和纳米技术研究所）；Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona（巴塞罗那自治大学）；Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)（天主教鲁汶大学）；Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM-CSIC)（巴塞罗那微电子研究所）；Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；WEL Research Institute（WEL研究所）；National Institute for Materials Science（日本国立材料研究所）
