从各向异性涨落中获取能量
Energy harvesting from anisotropic fluctuations
摘要：
我们考虑一个基本模型的热机，被称为布朗回转器，由一个过阻尼系统的两个自由度的各向异性温度场。而回转器的标志是一个非平衡稳态卷曲携带概率电流，可以产生扭矩，我们探讨了这种自然的回转运动的耦合与周期性的驱动电位提取工作的目的。我们表明，在一个合适的黎曼度量测量的热力学状态的流形中穿过的路径长度，代表耗散损失，而面积积分的工作密度量化工作提取。因此，可以提取的最大工作量涉及到一个等周问题，权衡面积对长度的环绕path.We推导出一个等周不等式，提供了一个普遍的约束所有循环操作协议的效率，以及如何快速封闭的路径可以遍历之前，它变得不可能提取积极的工作。所提出的分析为构建从各向异性波动中提取功的自主发动机提供了指导原则。
英文摘要：
We consider a rudimentary model for a heat engine, known as the Brownian gyrator, that consists of an overdamped system with two degrees of freedom in an anisotropic temperature field. Whereas the hallmark of the gyrator is a nonequilibrium steady-state curl-carrying probability current that can generate torque, we explore the coupling of this natural gyrating motion with a periodic actuation potential for the purpose of extracting work. We show that path-lengths traversed in the manifold of thermodynamic states, measured in a suitable Riemannian metric, represent dissipative losses, while area integrals of a work-density quantify work being extracted. Thus, the maximal amount of work that can be extracted relates to an isoperimetric problem, trading off area against length of an encircling path. We derive an isoperimetric inequality that provides a universal bound on the efficiency of all cyclic operating protocols, and a bound on how fast a closed path can be traversed before it becomes impossible to extract positive work. The analysis presented provides guiding principles for building autonomous engines that extract work from anistropic fluctuations.
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