由各向异性波动提供动力的热力发动机
Thermodynamic engine powered by anisotropic fluctuations
摘要：
这项工作的目的是提出一个自主的斯特林发动机的概念，由各向异性的热力学波动。具体地说，同时接触的热力学系统与两个热浴沿耦合自由度产生扭矩和环流-一种安排被称为布朗回转器。构成发动机的实施例包括惯性轮以维持旋转运动并使所产生的波动扭矩平均，最终将动力传递到外部负载。我们详细介绍了这样的发动机，由两个电阻在不同的温度和三个电抗元件的形式的可变电容器的电气模型。电阻器产生为发动机提供动力的约翰逊-奈奎斯特电流波动，而电容器通过其介电材料与惯性轮的耦合产生驱动力。通过稳定性分析建立概念验证，以确保存在稳定的周期性轨道，产生持续的功率输出。最后，我们绘制一个连接到阻尼摆的动力学与恒定扭矩和宏观斯特林发动机。所寻求的见解旨在纳米发动机和生物过程，这些过程同样由温度和化学势的各向异性提供动力。
英文摘要：
The purpose of this work is to present the concept of an autonomous Stirling-like engine powered by anisotropy of thermodynamic fluctuations. Specifically, simultaneous contact of a thermodynamic system with two heat baths along coupled degrees of freedom generates torque and circulatory currents -- an arrangement referred to as a Brownian gyrator. The embodiment that constitutes the engine includes an inertial wheel to sustain rotary motion and average out the generated fluctuating torque, ultimately delivering power to an external load. We detail an electrical model for such an engine that consists of two resistors in different temperatures and three reactive elements in the form of variable capacitors. The resistors generate Johnson-Nyquist current fluctuations that power the engine, while the capacitors generate driving forces via a coupling of their dielectric material with the inertial wheel. A proof-of-concept is established via stability analysis to ensure the existence of a stable periodic orbit generating sustained power output. We conclude by drawing a connection to the dynamics of a damped pendulum with constant torque and to those of a macroscopic Stirling engine. The sought insights aim at nano-engines and biological processes that are similarly powered by anisotropy in temperature and chemical potentials.
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