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arXiv 2107.07573astro-ph.SR
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五个新的食AM CVn系统的发现和性质

Discovery and characterization of five new eclipsing AM CVn systems

J. van Roestel, T. Kupfer, M. J. Green, S. Wong, L. Bildsten, K. Burdge, T. Prince, T. R. Marsh, P. Szkody, C. Fremling, M. J. Graham, V. S. Dhillon, S. P. Litt… 展开作者

J. van Roestel, T. Kupfer, M. J. Green, S. Wong, L. Bildsten, K. Burdge, T. Prince, T. R. Marsh, P. Szkody, C. Fremling, M. J. Graham, V. S. Dhillon, S. P. Littlefair, E. C. Bellm, M. Coughlin, D. A. Duev, D. A. Goldstein, R. R. Laher, B. Rusholme, R. Riddle, R. Dekany, S. R. Kulkarni

摘要:

AM CVn系统是超紧凑的,富氦的,具有简并或半简并施主的吸积双星。我们报告发现了五个新的食AM CVn系统,轨道周期分别为61.5,55.5,53.3,37.4和35.4分钟。这些系统是通过在Zwicky瞬变设施(ZTF)的光变曲线中寻找深食而发现的,这些光变曲线是用盖亚磁共振仪选择的白矮星。我们获得了相位分辨光谱,以确认所有系统是AM CVn双星,我们获得了高速测光确认日食和表征系统。两个长周期系统(61.5和53.3分钟)的光谱显示出许多发射和吸收线,表明存在N,O,Na,Mg,Si和Ca,以及K和Zn,这些元素以前从未在AM CVn系统中检测到。通过对高速测光进行建模,我们测量了施主恒星的质量和半径,这可能会限制形成这些AM CVn系统的演化通道。我们确定吸积白矮星的平均质量为$\approx0.8$ $\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$,并且长周期系统中的白矮星比最近更新的理论模型预测的要热。施主具有高熵,并且与相同轨道周期的零熵施主相比质量大$\approx$ 2倍。大的施主半径与氦星祖先最一致,尽管观察到的光谱特征似乎与此相矛盾。5个新的食AM~CVn系统的发现与已知的AM ~ CVn空间密度和估计的ZTF恢复效率是一致的。基于这一估计,随着ZTF继续获得数据,我们预计会发现另外1- 4个食AM CVn系统。这将进一步增加我们对种群的了解,但需要高精度的数据来更好地描述这5个系统和任何新发现。

英文摘要:

AM CVn systems are ultra-compact, helium-rich, accreting binaries with degenerate or semi-degenerate donors. We report the discovery of five new eclipsing AM CVn systems with orbital periods of 61.5, 55.5, 53.3, 37.4, and 35.4 minutes. These systems were discovered by searching for deep eclipses in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) lightcurves of white dwarfs selected using Gaia parallaxes. We obtained phase-resolved spectroscopy to confirm that all systems are AM CVn binaries, and we obtained high-speed photometry to confirm the eclipse and characterize the systems. The spectra of two long-period systems (61.5 and 53.3 minutes) show many emission and absorption lines, indicating the presence of N, O, Na, Mg, Si, and Ca, and also the K and Zn, elements which have never been detected in AM CVn systems before. By modelling the high-speed photometry, we measured the mass and radius of the donor star, potentially constraining the evolutionary channel that formed these AM CVn systems. We determined that the average mass of the accreting white dwarf is $\approx0.8$$\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$, and that the white dwarfs in long-period systems are hotter than predicted by recently updated theoretical models. The donors have a high entropy and are a factor of $\approx$ 2 more massive compared to zero-entropy donors at the same orbital period. The large donor radius is most consistent with He-star progenitors, although the observed spectral features seem to contradict this. The discovery of 5 new eclipsing AM~CVn systems is consistent with the known observed AM CVn space density and estimated ZTF recovery efficiency. Based on this estimate, we expect to find another 1--4 eclipsing AM CVn systems as ZTF continues to obtain data. This will further increase our understanding of the population, but will require high precision data to better characterize these 5 systems and any new discoveries.

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