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arXiv 2107.07006astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HE
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解开超冷矮射电辐射的起源

Unlocking the Origins of Ultracool Dwarf Radio Emission

A. G. Hughes, A. C. Boley, R. A. Osten, J. A. White, M. Leacock

摘要:

恒星X射线和射电光度的经验趋势表明,低质量的超冷矮星(UCD)不应该产生显著的射电辐射。与这些预期相反,在1-10 GHz范围内的一些UCD中观察到了强烈的非热发射,其中可变分量通常归因于全球极光,而稳定分量归因于陀螺同步加速器发射等其他过程。虽然极光和回旋同步辐射都在临界频率附近达到峰值,但预计只有后者的辐射会延伸到毫米波长。我们提出了ALMA 97.5 GHz和VLA 33 GHz的观测5 UCD的一个小调查。在97.5 GHz下检测到LP 349-25、LSR J1835+3259和NLTT 33370,而在33 GHz下未检测到LP 423-31和LP 415-20。在NLTT 33370中观察到一个显著的耀斑,达到4880 +/- 360 microJy的峰值通量,超过静态通量近一个数量级,持续20秒。这些ALMA观测显示明亮的97.5 GHz发射,光谱指数范围从α = -0.76到α =-0.29,暗示光学薄的回旋同步辐射。如果这种发射跟踪磁重联事件,那么这可能对UCD磁性模型和围绕它们轨道的行星的大气稳定性产生影响。总的来说,我们的研究结果提供了确认,回旋同步辐射在无线电大声UCD可以保持检测到毫米政权。

英文摘要:

Empirical trends in stellar X-ray and radio luminosities suggest that low mass ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) should not produce significant radio emission. Defying these expectations, strong non-thermal emission has been observed in a few UCDs in the 1-10 GHz range, with a variable component often attributed to global aurorae and a steady component attributed to other processes such as gyrosynchrotron emission. While both auroral and gyrosynchrotron emission peak near the critical frequency, only the latter radiation is expected to extend into millimeter wavelengths. We present ALMA 97.5 GHz and VLA 33 GHz observations of a small survey of 5 UCDs. LP 349-25, LSR J1835+3259, and NLTT 33370 were detected at 97.5 GHz, while LP 423-31 and LP 415-20 resulted in non-detections at 33 GHz. A significant flare was observed in NLTT 33370 that reached a peak flux of 4880 +/- 360 microJy, exceeding the quiescent flux by nearly an order of magnitude, and lasting 20 seconds. These ALMA observations show bright 97.5 GHz emission with spectral indices ranging from alpha = -0.76 to alpha = -0.29, suggestive of optically thin gyrosynchrotron emission. If such emission traces magnetic reconnection events, then this could have consequences for both UCD magnetic models and the atmospheric stability of planets in orbit around them. Overall, our results provide confirmation that gyrosynchrotron radiation in radio loud UCDs can remain detectable into the millimeter regime.

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