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arXiv 2302.12841astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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超冷矮星周围系外辐射带的解析成像

Resolved imaging of an extrasolar radiation belt around an ultracool dwarf

Melodie M. Kao, Amy J. Mioduszewski, Jackie Villadsen, Evgenya L. Shkolnik

AI总结:

本文通过高分辨率成像解析了超冷矮星LSR J1835+3259的射电辐射,发现其呈双瓣轴对称结构,类似木星辐射带,并估计电子能量约15 MeV,为系外辐射带的存在提供了直接证据。

摘要:

辐射带存在于太阳系所有大型行星磁层中:地球、木星、土星、天王星和海王星。这些持续存在的赤道区域捕获了能量高达数十MeV的高能粒子,可产生明亮的射电辐射,并影响近距离卫星的表面化学。最近的观测证实,在极低质量恒星和褐矮星上,大型磁层电流系统会产生类似行星的射电辐射,如极光。这些天体统称为超冷矮星,也表现出静止射电辐射,被推测为恒星日冕耀斑活动或系外辐射带类似物的示踪。本文展示了超冷矮星LSR J1835+3259的高分辨率成像,证明该射电辐射在空间上可分辨,并追踪到一个长寿命、双瓣、轴对称的结构,其形态与木星辐射带相似。两个瓣之间相隔多达18个超冷矮星半径。该结构在跨越超过1年的三次观测中稳定存在。我们推断出由LSR J1835+3259的磁偶极子约束的带状等离子体分布,并估计电子能量约为15 MeV,与木星辐射带中测量的能量一致。虽然更精确的约束需要更高频率的观测,但一个统一的图景已经出现:超冷矮星的射电辐射源于类似行星的磁层现象。

英文摘要:

Radiation belts are present in all large-scale Solar System planetary magnetospheres: Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These persistent equatorial zones of trapped high energy particles up to tens of MeV can produce bright radio emission and impact the surface chemistry of close-in moons. Recent observations confirm planet-like radio emission such as aurorae from large-scale magnetospheric current systems on very low mass stars and brown dwarfs. These objects, collectively known as ultracool dwarfs, also exhibit quiescent radio emission hypothesized to trace stellar coronal flare activity or extrasolar radiation belt analogs. Here we present high resolution imaging of the ultracool dwarf LSR J1835+3259 demonstrating that this radio emission is spatially resolved and traces a long-lived, double-lobed, and axisymmetric structure similar in morphology to the Jovian radiation belts. Up to 18 ultracool dwarf radii separate the two lobes. This structure is stably present in three observations spanning >1 year. We infer a belt-like distribution of plasma confined by the magnetic dipole of LSR J1835+3259, and we estimate ~15 MeV electron energies that are consistent with those measured in the Jovian radiation belts. Though more precise constraints require higher frequency observations, a unified picture where radio emissions in ultracool dwarfs manifest from planet-like magnetospheric phenomena has emerged. Submitted, under review.

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