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arXiv 2107.06296astro-ph.EP
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外太阳系近日点间隙通过与一颗假想的遥远巨行星相互作用形成

Outer Solar System Perihelion Gap Formation Through Interactions with a Hypothetical Distant Giant Planet

William J. Oldroyd, Chadwick A. Trujillo

摘要:

在太阳系外的小行星轨道中,在近日点有一个观测到的间隙,大约在50到65天文单位之间,偏心率为$e\gtrsim0.65$。通过一套观测模拟,我们表明,差距产生于两个独立的人口,极端外海王星对象(ETNO;近日点$q\gtrsim40$ AU和半长轴$a\gtrsim150$ AU)和内部奥尔特云对象(IOC; $q\gtrsim65$ AU和$a\gtrsim250$ AU),是非常不可能的结果,从一个现实的单一的,连续分布的对象。我们还探索近日点间隙和一个假设的遥远的巨行星之间的联系,通常被称为行星9或行星X,使用动力学模拟。一些包含行星X的模拟,从一个简单的类似柯伊伯带的初始粒子分布在整个太阳系的年龄中产生了ETNO、IOC和近日点间隙。当被海王星散射到高偏心率的粒子被捕获到与行星X的长期共振中时,它们穿过间隙并在近日点和偏心率上振荡数百万年。其中许多物体在IOC区域内的振荡周期中达到最小近日点,使IOC区域的平均停留时间比间隙区域增加约五倍。我们的研究结果意味着,在一个大规模的外部扰动的存在下,近日点间隙内的对象将被发现,但他们将只有$\sim20$ %的数量作为附近的IOC人口($65$ au $\lesssim q \lesssim 100$ au)。

英文摘要:

Among the outer solar system minor planet orbits there is an observed gap in perihelion between roughly 50 and 65 au at eccentricities $e\gtrsim0.65$. Through a suite of observational simulations, we show that the gap arises from two separate populations, the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects (ETNOs; perihelia $q\gtrsim40$ au and semimajor axes $a\gtrsim150$ au) and the Inner Oort Cloud objects (IOCs; $q\gtrsim65$ au and $a\gtrsim250$ au), and is very unlikely to result from a realistic single, continuous distribution of objects. We also explore the connection between the perihelion gap and a hypothetical distant giant planet, often referred to as Planet 9 or Planet X, using dynamical simulations. Some simulations containing Planet X produce the ETNOs, the IOCs, and the perihelion gap from a simple Kuiper-Belt-like initial particle distribution over the age of the solar system. The gap forms as particles scattered to high eccentricity by Neptune are captured into secular resonances with Planet X where they cross the gap and oscillate in perihelion and eccentricity over hundreds of kiloyears. Many of these objects reach a minimum perihelia in their oscillation cycle within the IOC region increasing the mean residence time of the IOC region by a factor of approximately five over the gap region. Our findings imply that, in the presence of a massive external perturber, objects within the perihelion gap will be discovered, but that they will be only $\sim20$% as numerous as the nearby IOC population ($65$ au $\lesssim q \lesssim 100$ au).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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