遥远太阳系的轨道进动;用数值模拟进一步限制行星九假说
Orbital precession in the distant solar system; further constraining the Planet Nine hypothesis with numerical simulations
摘要：
太阳系中十几个最遥远的探测到的天体的近日点和轨道极的分布与均匀分布轨道的随机样本的分布方式不一致。虽然少量的统计数据和观测偏差可以解释这些特征，但集群的统计意义导致了最近的“行星九假说”的发展。“在提出的设想中，遥远的太阳系的轨道是通过一个偏心轨道上未被发现的大质量行星的长期扰动来引导的。然而，在柯伊伯带的外层和奥尔特云的内层，近日点和交点的岁差也受到巨行星、经过恒星和银河潮汐的影响。我们进行了大量的数值模拟，旨在研究极端的外海王星对象（ETNO）和内部奥尔特云对象（IOCO）的轨道排列。在我们包括第九行星在内的各种整合中，我们始终发现，在4 Gyr之后可检测到的ETNO和IOCO中，>60%也与遥远的大质量扰动物在近日点反对齐。然而，当我们从剩余轨道的样本中随机选择17个物体时，可能观察到的近日点经度和轨道极聚类的程度存在显着的分散。此外，我们认为，在没有第九行星的情况下，17个随机绘制的轨道仍然应该表现出一些集群，即使潜在的分布是均匀的。因此，我们发现还需要更多的ETNO和IOCO探测来确信地推断第九行星的存在。
英文摘要：
The longitudes of perihelia and orbital poles of the solar system's dozen or so most remote detected objects are clustered in a manner inconsistent with that of a random sample of uniformly distributed orbits. While small number statistics and observational biases may explain these features, the statistical significance of the clustering has led to the recent development of the "Planet Nine hypothesis." In the proposed scenario, orbits in the distant solar system are shepherded via secular perturbations from an undetected massive planet on an eccentric orbit. However, the precession of perihelia and nodes in the outer Kuiper Belt and inner Oort Cloud are also affected by the the giant planets, passing stars, and the galactic tide. We perform a large suite of numerical simulations designed to study the orbital alignment of Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects (ETNOs) and Inner Oort Cloud Objects (IOCOs). In our various integrations that include Planet Nine, we consistently find that >60% of ETNOs and IOCOs that are detectable after 4 Gyr are also anti-aligned in perihelia with the distant massive perturber. However, when we randomly select 17 objects from this sample of remaining orbits, there is significant scatter in the degree of longitude of perihelion and orbital pole clustering that might be observed. Furthermore, we argue that, in the absence of Planet Nine, 17 randomly drawn orbits should still exhibit some clustering even if the underlying distribution is uniform. Thus, we find that still more ETNO and IOCO detections are required to confidently infer the presence of Planet Nine.
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