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arXiv 2201.01571astro-ph.EP
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海王星外天体大质量盘的动力学演化特征

Features of the Dynamical Evolution of a Massive Disk of Trans-Neptunian Objects

V. V. Emel'yanenko

摘要:

一个巨大的盘遥远的trans-Neptunian对象的动力学特征被认为是在一个巨大的气体尘埃团的希尔地区的小天体的形成模型,作为重力不稳定性和破碎的原行星盘的结果。小天体在来自外行星的引力摄动和盘的自引力作用下轨道的动力学演化已经研究了十亿年的时间间隔。它表明,长期的影响,一个大规模的磁盘的小机构的引力作用导致增加的偏心率的个别对象的轨道。这种动力学行为的结果是产生了一股接近海王星轨道的小天体流。在遥远的海王星外天体的可观测区域(近日点距离为40 < q < 80天文单位,半长轴为150 < a < 1000天文单位的轨道区域)中幸存的天体数量随时间的变化取决于盘的初始质量。对于质量超过几个地球质量的盘,在演化到太阳系年龄量级的时间间隔后,在可观测区域中幸存的遥远的海王星外天体的数量有减少的趋势,初始质量增加。另一方面,对大多数物体来说,轨道偏心率在圆盘自重的影响下减小。因此,圆盘的主要部分仍然在日心距离超过100 AU的区域。

英文摘要:

Dynamical features of a massive disk of distant trans-Neptunian objects are considered in the model of the formation of small bodies in the Hill region of a giant gas-dust clump that arose as a result of gravitational instability and fragmentation of the protoplanetary disk. The dynamical evolution of orbits of small bodies under the action of gravitational perturbations from the outer planets and self-gravity of the disk has been studied for a time interval of the order of a billion years. It is shown that the secular effects of the gravitational action of a massive disk of small bodies lead to an increase in the eccentricities of the orbits of individual objects. The result of this dynamical behavior is the creation of a flux of small bodies coming close to the orbit of Neptune. The change in the number of objects surviving in the observable region of distant trans-Neptunian objects (the region of orbits with perihelion distances of 40 < q < 80 AU and semimajor axes 150 < a < 1000 AU), over time depends on the initial mass of the disk. For disks with masses exceeding several Earth masses, there is a tendency to a decrease in the number of distant trans-Neptunian objects surviving in the observable region after evolution for a time interval of the order of the age of the Solar system, with an increase in the initial mass. On the other hand, for most objects, orbital eccentricities decrease under the influence of the self-gravity of the disk. Therefore, the main part of the disk remains in the region of heliocentric distances exceeding 100 AU.

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