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arXiv 2107.04779physics.chem-phphysics.comp-ph
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梯度域机器学习与复合内核:提高PES和大分子力场的准确性

Gradient domain machine learning with composite kernels: improving the accuracy of PES and force fields for large molecules

K. Asnaashari, R. V. Krems

摘要:

大型多原子分子的势能面(PES)和力场(FF)的机器学习模型的泛化精度通常可以通过增加训练点的数量或通过改进模型来提高。为了建立精确的模型,昂贵的高层次从头计算的基础上,最近的工作主要集中在后者。特别是,它已被证明,梯度域机器学习(GDML)模型产生准确的结果,高维分子系统与少量的从头计算。目前的工作扩展GDML的模型与复合内核,以最大限度地从少量的分子几何形状的推断。我们说明,GDML模型可以通过增加底层内核的复杂性,通过贪婪搜索算法使用贝叶斯信息准则作为模型选择度量。我们表明,这需要将各向异性纳入核函数,并产生具有显着较小的泛化误差的模型。给出了乙醇、尿嘧啶、丙二醛和阿司匹林的结果。对于阿司匹林,具有通过在1000个随机采样的分子几何形状下的力训练的复合核的模型产生平均绝对精度为0.177 kcal/mol(61.9 cm $^{-1}$)的全局57维PES和平均绝对误差为0.457 kcal/mol $^{-1}$的FF。

英文摘要:

The generalization accuracy of machine learning models of potential energy surfaces (PES) and force fields (FF) for large polyatomic molecules can be generally improved either by increasing the number of training points or by improving the models. In order to build accurate models based on expensive high-level ab initio calculations, much of recent work has focused on the latter. In particular, it has been shown that gradient domain machine learning (GDML) models produce accurate results for high-dimensional molecular systems with a small number of ab initio calculations. The present work extends GDML to models with composite kernels built to maximize inference from a small number of molecular geometries. We illustrate that GDML models can be improved by increasing the complexity of underlying kernels through a greedy search algorithm using Bayesian information criterion as the model selection metric. We show that this requires including anisotropy into kernel functions and produces models with significantly smaller generalization errors. The results are presented for ethanol, uracil, malonaldehyde and aspirin. For aspirin, the model with composite kernels trained by forces at 1000 randomly sampled molecular geometries produces a global 57-dimensional PES with the mean absolute accuracy 0.177 kcal/mol (61.9 cm$^{-1}$) and FFs with the mean absolute error 0.457 kcal/mol Å$^{-1}$.

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