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arXiv 2107.03544stat.APstat.ME
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数字化干预的微型随机试验:试验设计和数据分析考虑

The Micro-Randomized Trial for Developing Digital Interventions: Experimental Design and Data Analysis Considerations

Tianchen Qian, Ashley E. Walton, Linda M. Collins, Predrag Klasnja, Stephanie T. Lanza, Inbal Nahum-Shani, Mashifiqui Rabbi, Michael A. Russell, Maureen A. Walt… 展开作者

Tianchen Qian, Ashley E. Walton, Linda M. Collins, Predrag Klasnja, Stephanie T. Lanza, Inbal Nahum-Shani, Mashifiqui Rabbi, Michael A. Russell, Maureen A. Walton, Hyesun Yoo, Susan A. Murphy

摘要:

即时适应性干预措施(JITAI)是随时间变化的适应性干预措施,它利用频繁的机会进行干预调整-每周,每天,甚至每天多次。微型随机试验(MRT)已经出现,用于为JITAI的构建提供信息。MRT可用于解决JITAI组件是否有效以及在何种情况下有效的研究问题,最终目标是开发有效和高效的JITAI。本文的目的是澄清为什么,何时以及如何使用MRT;强调设计和实施MRT时必须考虑的因素;并审查MRT的主要和次要分析方法。我们简要回顾了JITAIs的关键要素,并讨论了规划和设计MRT的各种考虑因素。我们提供了适用于MRT数据的主要和次要分析的因果偏移效应的定义,以告知JITAI开发。我们回顾加权和中心最小二乘(WCLS)估计提供一致的因果漂移效应估计MRT数据。我们描述了如何使用标准统计软件(如R(R Core Team,2019))获得WCLS估计量以及相关的检验统计量。在整个过程中,我们说明了MRT的设计和分析使用HeartSteps MRT,开发一个JITAI,以增加久坐的个人之间的身体活动。我们补充HeartSteps MRT与其他两个MRT,SARA和BariFit,其中每一个都强调了不同的研究问题,可以使用MRT和试验设计的考虑,可能会出现。

英文摘要:

Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) are time-varying adaptive interventions that use frequent opportunities for the intervention to be adapted--weekly, daily, or even many times a day. The micro-randomized trial (MRT) has emerged for use in informing the construction of JITAIs. MRTs can be used to address research questions about whether and under what circumstances JITAI components are effective, with the ultimate objective of developing effective and efficient JITAI. The purpose of this article is to clarify why, when, and how to use MRTs; to highlight elements that must be considered when designing and implementing an MRT; and to review primary and secondary analyses methods for MRTs. We briefly review key elements of JITAIs and discuss a variety of considerations that go into planning and designing an MRT. We provide a definition of causal excursion effects suitable for use in primary and secondary analyses of MRT data to inform JITAI development. We review the weighted and centered least-squares (WCLS) estimator which provides consistent causal excursion effect estimators from MRT data. We describe how the WCLS estimator along with associated test statistics can be obtained using standard statistical software such as R (R Core Team, 2019). Throughout we illustrate the MRT design and analyses using the HeartSteps MRT, for developing a JITAI to increase physical activity among sedentary individuals. We supplement the HeartSteps MRT with two other MRTs, SARA and BariFit, each of which highlights different research questions that can be addressed using the MRT and experimental design considerations that might arise.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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