arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1805.00550stat.ME
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将随机试验的推论扩展到新的目标人群

Extending inferences from a randomized trial to a new target population

Issa J. Dahabreh, Sarah E. Robertson, Jon A. Steingrimsson, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Miguel A. Hernan

摘要:

当治疗效应修饰因子影响参与随机试验的决定时,随机化个体代表的人群中的平均处理效应将不同于其他人群中的效应。在本教程中,我们考虑将关于时间固定治疗的因果推断从试验扩展到新的非参与者目标人群的方法,使用来自已完成的随机试验的数据和来自目标人群样本的基线协变量数据。我们研究的方法的基础上建模的期望的结果,参与的概率,或两者兼而有之(双重鲁棒)。我们比较的方法在模拟研究中,并显示它们如何可以在软件中实现。我们将这些方法应用于一项随机试验,该试验嵌套在一组符合试验条件的患者中,以比较慢性冠状动脉疾病患者的冠状动脉手术加药物治疗与单纯药物治疗。最后,我们讨论了在应用分析中使用这些方法时出现的问题。

英文摘要:

When treatment effect modifiers influence the decision to participate in a randomized trial, the average treatment effect in the population represented by the randomized individuals will differ from the effect in other populations. In this tutorial, we consider methods for extending causal inferences about time-fixed treatments from a trial to a new target population of non-participants, using data from a completed randomized trial and baseline covariate data from a sample from the target population. We examine methods based on modeling the expectation of the outcome, the probability of participation, or both (doubly robust). We compare the methods in a simulation study and show how they can be implemented in software. We apply the methods to a randomized trial nested within a cohort of trial-eligible patients to compare coronary artery surgery plus medical therapy versus medical therapy alone for patients with chronic coronary artery disease. We conclude by discussing issues that arise when using the methods in applied analyses.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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