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arXiv 2107.02518astro-ph.SR
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原恒星和前主序星相表面轻元素丰度的理论预测

Theoretical predictions of surface light element abundances in protostellar and pre-Main Sequence phase

E. Tognelli, S. Degl'Innocenti, P. G. Prada Moroni, L. Lamia, R. G. Pizzone, A. Tumino, C. Spitaleri, A. Chiavassa

摘要:

恒星表面轻元素锂、铍和硼丰度的理论预测是天体物理学中最有趣的开放性问题之一。众所周知,恒星大气中7-Li丰度的几次测量指出了不同恒星演化阶段的预测和观测之间的分歧,对目前恒星模型精确再现恒星包络特征的能力产生了怀疑。轻元素在相对较低的温度下燃烧(从2到5 MK),因此在恒星的演化阶段,它们在恒星内部的不同深度逐渐被破坏,这取决于恒星的质量。它们的表面丰度受到核截面、对流包层的延伸和底部温度的强烈影响,这些都取决于恒星的特性(质量和化学成分)以及对流恒星包层中的能量传输。近年来,人们在提高轻元素燃烧截面的精度方面做了很大的努力。然而,表面轻元素丰度的理论预测是具有挑战性的,因为它们也受到计算中采用的输入物理学的不确定性以及年轻恒星中活跃的几个标准和非标准物理过程(即扩散,辐射悬浮,磁场,旋转)的效率的影响。此外,还不完全清楚先前的原恒星演化对恒星模型的特性以及轻元素耗尽的影响程度。本文介绍了原恒星和PMS星的理论预测的现状,讨论了几种输入物理在恒星演化中的作用。

英文摘要:

Theoretical prediction of surface stellar abundances of light elements -- lithium, beryllium, and boron -- represents one of the most interesting open problems in astrophysics. As well known, several measurements of 7-Li abundances in stellar atmospheres point out a disagreement between predictions and observations in different stellar evolutionary phases, rising doubts about the capability of present stellar models to precisely reproduce stellar envelope characteristics. Light elements are burned at relatively low temperatures (from 2 to 5 MK) and thus in the evolutionary stages of a star they are gradually destroyed at different depths of stellar interior, in dependence on the stellar mass. Their surface abundances are strongly influenced by the nuclear cross sections, by the extension of the convective envelope and by the temperature at its bottom, which depend on the characteristics of the star (mass and chemical composition) as well as on the energy transport in the convective stellar envelope. In recent years, a great effort has been made to improve the precision of light element burning cross sections. However, theoretical predictions surface light element abundance are challenging because they are also influenced by the uncertainties in the input physics adopted in the calculations as well as the efficiency of several standard and non-standard physical processes active in young stars (i.e. diffusion, radiative levitation, magnetic fields, rotation). Moreover, it is still not completely clear how much the previous protostellar evolution affects the characteristics of a stellar model and thus the light element depletion. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of theoretical predictions for protostars and PMS stars, discussing the role of several input physics on the stellar evolution.

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