在高强度laser中将laser能量高效转换为硬X射线-固体模拟
Highly efficient conversion of laser energy to hard X-rays in high intensity laser-solid simulations
摘要：
我们目前的模拟预测显着更高的激光X射线效率比以前发现的高强度（1 E20 - 1 E22 W/cm 2）激光固体模拟。韧致辐射的持续时间为10-100 ps，这是很难与传统的粒子在细胞（PIC）代码建模。集体效应的重要性也被证明，显示在这些系统中的Monte Carlo模拟的局限性。一个新的，开源的混合PIC代码与韧致辐射例程已被开发，以模拟这种X射线生产的3D。特殊的边界条件被用来模拟复杂的电子的行为，其特征在于在2D全PIC模拟。在厚金靶中记录了峰值X射线效率，其中7.4%的激光能量转化为能量为1 MeV或更高的X射线。目标的大小所示出的转换效率和角分布的发射X射线中发挥作用，并提出了一个简单的分析模型来估计这些效率。
英文摘要：
We present simulations which predict significantly higher laser to X-ray efficiencies than those previously found in high intensity (1e20-1e22 W/cm2) laser-solid simulations. The bremsstrahlung emission is shown to last for 10-100 ps, which is difficult to model with conventional particle-in-cell (PIC) codes. The importance of collective effects is also demonstrated, showing the limitations of Monte Carlo modelling in these systems. A new, open-source hybrid-PIC code with bremsstrahlung routines has been developed to model this X-ray production in 3D. Special boundary conditions are used to emulate complex electron refluxing behaviour, which has been characterised in 2D full-PIC simulations. The peak X-ray efficiency was recorded in thick gold targets, with 7.4% conversion of laser energy into X-rays of energy 1 MeV or higher. The target size is shown to play a role in the conversion efficiency and angular distribution of emitted X-rays, and a simple analytic model is presented for estimating these efficiencies.
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