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arXiv 2107.01247astro-ph.SR
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2.2 $μ$ m的Ti I谱线作为太阳黑子冷区的探针

Ti I lines at 2.2 $μ$m as probes of the cool parts of sunspots

H. N. Smitha, J. S. Castellanos Durán, S. K. Solanki, S. K. Tiwari

摘要:

太阳黑子本影由于存在强烈的磁场,所以它是太阳表面最冷的等离子体。通常用来观察光球层的原子线在本影中有微弱的信号,并且经常被分子线淹没。这使得推断本影的属性变得更加困难,特别是在最暗的区域。在2.2 $μ$ m的Ti I多重峰的线主要在温度$\le\!4500$ K下形成,并且不知道会受到太阳黑子中分子混合物的影响。自20世纪90年代首次系统观测以来,由于这些较长波长的仪器挑战,这些谱线很少被观测到。我们重新审视这些线,并研究它们在不同太阳特征中的形成。我们合成的Ti-I多重态使用快照从3D MHD模拟的太阳黑子和探索其两条线的性能相比,两个常用的铁线在630.25 nm和$1.5648\,μ$ m。我们发现在太阳黑子本影和半影脊中,Ti I线在强度和偏振方面都比Fe I线有更强的信号。在$μ=1$,它们在半影暗丝和安静的太阳中几乎没有信号。它们在黑暗阴影中的强烈和良好分裂的轮廓受杂散光的影响较小。因此,在太阳黑子内部,与铁线相比,更容易反转这些线并推断大气特性。DKIST的Cryo-NIRSP仪器将提供该波长范围内的首次高分辨率观测。在这个预备性的研究中,我们证明了独特的温度和磁灵敏度的Ti多重,通过探测太阳的最冷的地区,这是不利于其他常用的谱线的形成。因此,我们期望这样的观测能促进我们对太阳黑子性质的理解。

英文摘要:

The sunspot umbra harbors the coolest plasma on the solar surface due to the presence of strong magnetic fields. The routinely used atomic lines to observe the photosphere have weak signals in the umbra and are often swamped by molecular lines. This makes it harder to infer the properties of the umbra, especially in the darkest regions. The lines of the Ti I multiplet at 2.2 $μ$m are formed mainly at temperatures $\le\!4500$ K and are not known to be affected by molecular blends in sunspots. Since the first systematic observations in the 1990's, these lines have been seldom observed due to the instrumental challenges involved at these longer wavelengths. We revisit these lines and investigate their formation in different solar features. We synthesize the Ti I multiplet using a snapshot from 3D MHD simulation of a sunspot and explore the properties of two of its lines in comparison with two commonly used iron lines at 630.25 nm and $1.5648\,μ$m. We find that the Ti I lines have stronger signals than the Fe I lines in both intensity and polarization in the sunspot umbra and in penumbral spines. They have little to no signal in the penumbral filaments and the quiet Sun, at $μ=1$. Their strong and well-split profiles in the dark umbra are less affected by stray light. Consequently, inside the sunspot it is easier to invert these lines and to infer the atmospheric properties, compared to the iron lines. The Cryo-NIRSP instrument at the DKIST will provide the first ever high resolution observations in this wavelength range. In this preparatory study, we demonstrate the unique temperature and magnetic sensitivities of the Ti multiplet, by probing the Sun's coolest regions which are not favourable for the formation of other commonly used spectral lines. We thus expect such observations to advance our understanding of sunspot properties.

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