arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2107.00664astro-ph.IMastro-ph.EPastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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低成本访问深,高节奏的天空:Argus光学阵列

Low-Cost Access to the Deep, High-Cadence Sky: the Argus Optical Array

Nicholas M. Law, Hank Corbett, Nathan W. Galliher, Ramses Gonzalez, Alan Vasquez, Glenn Walters, Lawrence Machia, Jeff Ratzloff, Kendall Ackley, Chris Bizon, Ch… 展开作者

Nicholas M. Law, Hank Corbett, Nathan W. Galliher, Ramses Gonzalez, Alan Vasquez, Glenn Walters, Lawrence Machia, Jeff Ratzloff, Kendall Ackley, Chris Bizon, Christopher Clemens, Steven Cox, Steven Eikenberry, Ward S. Howard, Amy Glazier, Andrew W. Mann, Robert Quimby, Daniel Reichart, David Trilling

摘要:

新的大规模生产的宽视场小孔径望远镜有可能通过大大降低收集面积的成本来彻底改变地面天文学。在本文中,我们介绍了一种新的大型望远镜的基础上,这些进展:全天,角秒分辨率,1000望远镜阵列,建立一个同时高节奏和深入的调查,观察整个天空整夜。作为一个具体的例子,我们描述了阿格斯阵列,一个5米级的望远镜与全天空的视野和使用低噪声CMOS探测器达到极高的节奏的能力。每次55 GPix Argus曝光覆盖整个天空的20%,g = 19.6/分钟,g = 21.9/小时;高速模式将允许短时间的亚秒级测量节奏。在47%的天空中,每五个夜晚,深层的coadd会达到g = 23.6;一个更大口径的阵列望远镜,在鲁宾天文台附近,可以在五个夜晚达到g = 24.3。这些阵列可以建立双色,百万时代的天空电影,使高速瞬变,快速无线电爆发对应物,引力波对应物,系外行星微透镜事件,遥远的太阳系天体掩星以及无数其他现象的灵敏和快速搜索成为可能。然而,O(1,000)望远镜阵列将是迄今为止建造的最复杂的天文仪器之一。具有数百个跟踪支架的标准阵列需要数千个移动部件和暴露的光学器件,与单片大型望远镜相比,维护成本将迅速超过大规模生产的硬件成本节省。我们讨论如何通过将所有光学器件放置在具有单个移动部件的热控制密封圆顶中来大大降低运营成本。再加上仔细的软件范围控制和使用现有的管道,我们表明,阿格斯阵列可能成为最深和最快的北方天空调查,总成本低于2000万美元。

英文摘要:

New mass-produced, wide-field, small-aperture telescopes have the potential to revolutionize ground-based astronomy by greatly reducing the cost of collecting area. In this paper, we introduce a new class of large telescope based on these advances: an all-sky, arcsecond-resolution, 1000-telescope array which builds a simultaneously high-cadence and deep survey by observing the entire sky all night. As a concrete example, we describe the Argus Array, a 5m-class telescope with an all-sky field of view and the ability to reach extremely high cadences using low-noise CMOS detectors. Each 55 GPix Argus exposure covers 20% of the entire sky to g=19.6 each minute and g=21.9 each hour; a high-speed mode will allow sub-second survey cadences for short times. Deep coadds will reach g=23.6 every five nights over 47% of the sky; a larger-aperture array telescope, with an étendue close to the Rubin Observatory, could reach g=24.3 in five nights. These arrays can build two-color, million-epoch movies of the sky, enabling sensitive and rapid searches for high-speed transients, fast-radio-burst counterparts, gravitational-wave counterparts, exoplanet microlensing events, occultations by distant solar system bodies, and myriad other phenomena. An array of O(1,000) telescopes, however, would be one of the most complex astronomical instruments yet built. Standard arrays with hundreds of tracking mounts entail thousands of moving parts and exposed optics, and maintenance costs would rapidly outpace the mass-produced-hardware cost savings compared to a monolithic large telescope. We discuss how to greatly reduce operations costs by placing all optics in a thermally controlled, sealed dome with a single moving part. Coupled with careful software scope control and use of existing pipelines, we show that the Argus Array could become the deepest and fastest Northern sky survey, with total costs below $20M.

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