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arXiv 2106.14533astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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PSR B0656 +14与SRG/eROSITA和XMM-牛顿的相位分辨X射线光谱学

Phase-resolved X-ray spectroscopy of PSR B0656+14 with SRG/eROSITA and XMM-Newton

Axel Schwope, Adriana M. Pires, Jan Kurpas, Victor Doroshenko, Valery F. Suleimanov, Michael Freyberg, Werner Becker, Konrad Dennerl, Frank Haberl, Georg Lamer,… 展开作者

Axel Schwope, Adriana M. Pires, Jan Kurpas, Victor Doroshenko, Valery F. Suleimanov, Michael Freyberg, Werner Becker, Konrad Dennerl, Frank Haberl, Georg Lamer, Chandreyee Maitra, Alexander Y. Potekhin, Miriam E. Ramos-Ceja, Andrea Santangelo, Iris Traulsen, Klaus Werner

摘要:

我们对发射明亮射电-γ射线脉冲星PSR B 0656 +14的X射线观测进行了详细的光谱和时间分析,这些观测是在100 ks的Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma任务(SRG)的校准和性能验证阶段同时使用eROSITA和XMM-Newton获得的。利用XMM-Newton和NICER建立了2015 - 2020年的X射线星历,该星历将这一时期的所有X射线观测数据连接起来,没有周数混叠和相移。平均eROSITA光谱清楚地揭示了起源于570 eV的恒星的吸收特征,高斯σ约为70 eV,在长期的XMM-牛顿观测中初步确定(Arumugasamy等人2018)。第二吸收特征,这里描述为吸收边,发生在260-265 eV。它可能是大气或仪器造成的。这些吸收特征叠加在各种发射分量上,从现象上描述为热(120 eV)和冷(65 eV)黑体分量的总和,两者都是光球源,以及光子指数Gamma=2的幂律。相位分辨光谱表明,在570 eV的高斯吸收线是明确存在的整个~60%的自旋周期。线强度的可见性与热黑体的最大通量相一致。我们还提出了三个家庭的模型大气:磁化的大气,凝聚的表面,和混合模型,这是适用于平均观测光谱,其连续拟合观测数据。然而,大气模型预测的距离太短了。对于混合模型,高斯吸收可以解释为在高达10^14 G的磁场中的质子回旋吸收,这明显高于从中等观测到的自旋下降中得出的结果。

英文摘要:

(abridged version) We present a detailed spectroscopic and timing analysis of X-ray observations of the bright radio-to-gamma-ray emitting pulsar PSR B0656+14, which were obtained simultaneously with eROSITA and XMM-Newton during the Calibration and Performance Verification phase of the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma mission (SRG) for 100 ks. Using XMM-Newton and NICER we firstly established an X-ray ephemeris for the time interval 2015 to 2020, which connects all X-ray observations in this period without cycle count alias and phase shifts. The mean eROSITA spectrum clearly reveals an absorption feature originating from the star at 570 eV with a Gaussian sigma of about 70 eV, tentatively identified earlier in a long XMM-Newton observation (Arumugasamy et al. 2018). A second absorption feature, described here as an absorption edge, occurs at 260-265 eV. It could be of atmospheric or of instrumental origin. These absorption features are superposed on various emission components, phenomenologically described as the sum of hot (120 eV) and cold (65 eV) blackbody components, both of photospheric origin, and a power-law with photon index Gamma=2. The phase-resolved spectroscopy reveals that the Gaussian absorption line at 570 eV is clearly present throughout ~60% of the spin cycle. The visibility of the line strength coincides in phase with the maximum flux of the hot blackbody. We also present three families of model atmospheres: a magnetised atmosphere, a condensed surface, and a mixed model, which were applied to the mean observed spectrum and whose continuum fit the observed data well. The atmosphere model, however, predicts too short distances. For the mixed model, the Gaussian absorption may be interpreted as proton cyclotron absorption in a field as high as 10^14 G, which is significantly higher than that derived from the moderate observed spin-down.

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